Gramineae 161 



rachilla glabrous; palea as long as the lemma, 2-keeled; stamens 3; ovary glabrous, the styles short; caryopsis rather plump, free 



within the lemma and palea. About 100 species, in temperate and cooler regions of the N. Hemisphere, especially on alkaline 



soils and near seashores. 



lA. Culms 30-100 cm. long; panicles pale green, 10-40 cm. long, the branches 3- to 6-nate, appresscd to slightly ascending, scabrous; 



verticils spikelct-bcaring from the base I. P. nippomca 



IB. Culms 10-40 cm. long; panicles more or less purple-tinged, 5-15 cm. long, the branches solitary or geminate, rarely tcrnate, some 



of them spreading to deflcxed, smooth or nearly so; verticils without spikelets near base 2. P. piimila 



1. Puccinellia nipponica Ohvvi. P. adpressa Ohwi non Kunth; P. distans var. convoltita Honda excl. syn.; Atro- 



Tachi-dojo-tsunagi. Rhizomes almost wanting, innovation pis \urilensis Takeda Chishima-dojo-tsunaci. Glabrous 



shoots short; culms tufted, 30-100 cm. long, smoodi, glabrous; tufted perennial with short innovation-shoots; culms 10-40 

 leaf-blades 10-20 cm. long, 2-3 mm. wide when flat, or when cm. long, rather thick, smooth, ascending at base; leaf-blades 

 involute about 1 mm. wide, minutely papillose, glabrous, rather soft and rather thick-membranous, glaucous-green, slightly in- 

 soft, glaucous-green; ligules hyaline, ovate, 2-3 mm. long, volute, 5-10 cm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, glabrous; ligules semi- 

 glabrous; panicles lanceolate, partly enclosed within the upper- rounded, hyaline, smooth, 2-3 mm. long; panicles finally ex- 

 most sheath, glaucous-green, branches erect or appressed to serted, erect, pale green and sometimes slightly purple-tinged, 

 the axis, subverricillate, very unequal; spikelets 4-6 mm. long, 5-15 cm. long, the branches unequal, nearly smooth, the lower 

 3- or 4-flowered; glumes lanceolate, very acute, slighdy longer deflexed; spikelets 5-8 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, 5- to 

 than the lowest lemma, the lower 1 -nerved, 2-2.5 mm. long, 7-flowered; glumes 1-nerved, narrowly oblong, rather acute, 

 the upper 3-nerved, about 3 mm. long; lemmas 3-3.5 mm. the lower 1.5-2 mm., the upper 2.5-3 mm. long; lemmas nar- 

 long, rather acute, sparingly short-pubescent at base; anthers rowly oblong, rather obtuse, about 3 mm. long, smooth, short- 

 narrowly oblong, about 0.7 mm. long. June-Aug. Sea- appressed-puberulent near base; anthers about 0.7 mm. long, 



shores; Honshu (RikuzenProv.); very rare. Korea. oblong. June-Oct. Seashores; Hokkaido, Honshu (near 



2. Puccinellia pumUa (Vasey) Hitchc. Glyceria pumila Tokyo), Kyushu (n. distr.). Kuriles, Sakhalin, Ussuri, 



Vasey; P. k,urilensis (Takeda) Honda; Atropis convohtta sensu Kamchatka, Aleudans to N. America. 



auct. Japon., non Griseb.; Festuca thalassica sensu auct. Japon., 



40. POA L. ICHIGO-TSUNAGI ZOKU 



Perennials, rarely annuals, sometimes stoloniferous; spikelets in panicles, 2- to many-flowered, more or less laterally flattened, 

 articulate below the florets; glumes keeled, 1- to 3-nerved, acute, shorter than the lemma; lemmas keeled, ovate, acute, 

 membranous, awnless, 5-nerved, usually white-pubescent on keel and nerves below; callus short, often with a tuft of cobwebby 



hairs; palea 2-keeled; stamens 3; ovary glabrous; caryopsis free within the lemma and palea. More than 200 species, in the 



temperate and cooler regions of the world, and on high mountains of the Tropics. 



lA. Palea appressed-pubescent on the keel; annuals or perennials; anthers 0.5-1 mm. long and 1/7—1/3 as long as the lemma. 

 2 A. Lemmas 2-3.5 mm. long; panicle-branches with many spikelets. 

 3A. Panicle-branches smooth. 



4A. Lemmas oblong-ovate, with slender or obscure intermediate nerves, soft-pubescent on margins below; anthers 0.7-1 mm. long. 



1. P. annua 

 4B. Lemmas narrowly oblong, with thickened, densely appressed-pubescent intermediate nerves, and glabrescent on margins; anthers 



0.5-0.8 mm. long 2. P. crassinervis 



3B. Panicle-branches scabrous. 



5A. Leaf-blades 1.5-5 mm. wide; culms slender, 30—80 cm. long; anthers 0.6-1 mm. long. 



6A. Panicle-branches spreading at anthesis; lemmas 2-3 mm. long, obtuse, green, appressed-pubescent on both sides at base; 



anthers 0.7-1 mm. long, ''/i-Yz as long as the lemma 3. P. acroleuca 



6B. Panicle-branches erect; lemmas 2.5-3.5 mm. long, acute, glabrous on both sides, yellowish-green or vivid green, anthers 



0.4-0.7 mm. long, 1/7-1/5 as long as the lemma 4. P. hisauchii 



5B. Leaf-blades 4-7 mm. wide; culms less slender, 30-50 cm. long; anthers 0.5-0.8 mm. long and 1/5-1/4 as long as the lemma; 



panicle-branches thicker 5. P. nipponica 



2B. Lemmas 3.5-4.5 mm. long; panicles loose and open, the branches spreading, with 1-3 spikelets toward the ends; culm-base 



with bulbously thickened internodes; anthers 0.7-1 mm. long and 1/6-1/4 as long as the lemma 6. P. tubcrijcra 



IB. Palea scabrous on the keel; perennials. 



7A. Anthers Ys-Vz as long as the lemma; callus scarcely cobwebby. 



8A. Leaf-sheaths terete; spikelets glaucescent; anthers 0.8-1.5 mm. long 7. P. hal^usanensis 



8B. Leaf-sheaths slightly compressed, sometimes retrorsely scaberulous on the keel; spikelets green, sometimes pardy dull purplish; 



anthers 0.5-1 mm. long 8. P. radtila 



7B. Anthers Yz-Yz as long as the lemma. 



9A. Culms stout, 4-5 mm. across at base; panicles erect, contracted, with erect branches; lemmas 5-6 mm. long; anthers 2-2.5 mm. 



long 9. P. eminens 



9B. Culms slender, less than 3 mm. across at base. 



lOA. Culms terete, sometimes slighdy compressed, but not bifacial. 



11 A. Glumes and lemmas soft, rounded, crosc-dentate near tip in upper glumes and lower lemmas; innovation-shoots much- 

 elongate, first erect, later procumbent, rooting and bearing secondary shoots from the nodes; panicles 2-8 cm. long, nod- 

 ding; anthers 2-3 mm. long 10. P. jauriei 



