168 



Gramineae 



acuminate to awn-pointed; fertile lemma green, chartaceous, with a narrow wing on back above, the awn excurrent from the 

 apex, long, scabrous; callus slightly thickened, glabrous, very short; palea 2-keeled; stamens 3; caryopsis plump, free, not ad- 

 herent to the lemma and palea. One species, in e. Asia. 



1, Brylkinia caudata (Munro) F. Schmidt. Ekrharta 



caudata Munro ex A. Gray; Brylkjnia schmidtii Ohwi Ho- 



GAERiGAYA. Green, glabrous, perennial; culms 20-40 cm. 

 long; leaf-blades flat, smooth, 15-20 cm. long, 2-5 mm. wide; 

 ligules obsolete; raceme 8-20 cm. long, 1-sided with 10-15 

 spikelets; pedicels 4-6 mm. long, jointed at base; spikelets 

 12-15 mm. long; glumes narrowly lanceolate, acuminate; 



45, LEERSIA Sw. 



sterile lemma similar, gradually larger, epaleate; fertile lemma 

 largest, broadly lanceolate, nearly 7-nerved, 10-13 mm. long, 

 minutely 2-toothed at apex, the awn 1 or 2 times as long as 

 the lemma; anthers about 3 mm. long. May-July. Moun- 

 tain woods; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; rather com- 

 mon. Sakhalin, s. Kuriles, and Manchuria. 



Sayanukagusa Zoku 



Perennials growing in wet places; culms rather slender; leaf -blades short-linear, flat, scabrous; spikelets short-pedicelled, lat- 

 erally flattened, l-flowered; glumes wanting; florets articulate at base; lemma chartaceous to membranous, oblong and folded, 

 keeled, 5-nerved, uniformly scabrous or only on nerves; palea 3-nerved; stamens 6 or 3, not protruded in cleistogamous spikelets. 

 About 10 species, in tropical and warm regions. 



lA. Panicles narrow, 5-10 cm., rarely to 15 cm. long, the branches thick, erect to ascending, flowered nearly to base; stamens 6. 



1. L. japonica 

 IB. Panicles usually 10-20 cm. long, the branches slender, spreading, naked on lower 54-J4; stamens 3 2. L. oryzoides 



1. Leersia japonica (Honda) Makino ex Honda. 



Homalocenchrus japonicus Honda Ashi-kaki. Stoloni- 



ferous, scabrous perennial; culms slender, 30-50 cm. long, erect 

 from a decumbent, branching base; leaf-blades broadly linear, 

 striately nerved, flat, 5-15 cm. long, 5-8 mm. wide, glabrous; 

 ligules 2-2.5 mm. long; panicles narrow, 5-15 cm. long, ex- 

 serted, the branches simple, erect to ascending, with about 10 

 spikelets, glabrous, slightly flattened, puberulent on axils; 

 spikelets whitish green, sometimes slightly red-tinged, flattened, 

 4.5-6 mm. long, 1.5-1.7 mm. wide, acute, appressed to the 

 branches, obtuse at base, dimidiate-ovate, brisdy-ciliate; stamens 



6, the anthers 2.5-3.5 mm. long; ovary glabrous. Aug.-Oct. 



Ponds and paddy-fields; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. China, 



Korea, and Ryukyus. 



2. Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. Phalaris oryzoides L.; 

 Homalocenchrus oryzoides (L.) Poll.; Oryza oryzoides (L.) 



Dalla Torre & Sarnth. Ezo-no-sayanukagosa. Slender 



green perennial; culms 50-80 cm. long, with retrorsely pilose 

 nodes; leaf-blades thin, broadly linear, flat, 15-25 cm. long. 



8-12 mm. wide, abruptly acuminate, scabrous; ligules 1-1.5 

 mm. long; panicles 10-20 cm. long, pardy or at length wholly 

 exserted, sometimes wholly inclosed within the sheath, the 

 branches single, slender, spreading, loosely spiculose; spikelets 

 oblong, flat, whitish green, rather acute, 4.5-6 mm. long, 1.5-2 

 mm. wide, bristly cilia te, loosely short-setose on nerves; 

 stamens 3, the anthers linear, to 1.5 mm. in chasmogamic 



flowers, minute in the cleistogamic. Aug.-Oct. Wet places; 



Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. Widely 



distributed in temperate regions. 



Var. japonica Hack. Homalocenchrus oryzoides var. /«- 

 ponicus (Hack.) Honda; L. sayanu\a Ohwi Sayanuka- 

 gusa. Spikelets hnear-oblong, short-ciliate, green, 5-6.6 mm. 



long, about 1.5 mm. wide; leaf-blades not ciliate. Aug.-Oct. 



Wet places; Hokkaido (sw. distr.), Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- 

 shu; rather common. Forma latifolia (Honda) Ohwi. 



Leersia oryzoides var. latifolia Honda Hiroha-no-saya- 



NUKAGUSA. A larger phase of var. japonica with leaves 10-25 

 mm. wide, and panicles 20-30 cm. long. Kyushu. 



46. CHIKUSICHLOA Koidz. Tsukushigaya Zoku 



Tall aquatic perennials with linear flat leaf-blades; panicles large, erect; spikelets perfect, l-flowered, terete, the pedicels 

 elongate, jointed about the middle, the upper part falling with the spikelet, forming a stipe; glumes wanting; lemmas elliptic, 

 thin-membranous, brownish, scabrous, 5- to 7-nerved, not keeled on back; awned or acuminate; palea as long as the lemma; 

 stigma laterally exserted; stamen 1, the anther linear; ovary glabrous; caryopsis ellipsoidal, plump. Two species in e. Asia. 



1. Chikusichloa aquatica Koidz. Tsukushigaya. 

 Tufted perennial with short-branched rhizomes and ascending 

 innovations; culms 100-120 cm. long, erect; leaf-blades thin 

 and firm, 30-70 cm. long, 8-12 mm. wide, long-acuminate, 

 vivid green, scabrous; ligules truncate, 2-3 mm. long; panicles 

 erect, 40-50 cm. long, about 20 cm. wide, rather open, the 

 numerous very slender branches fasciculate, capillary, ascend- 



47. ZIZANIA L. 



ing to spreading; spikelets 3 mm. long, ellipsoidal, scabrous, 

 with a terminal erect awn 5-6 mm. long; pedicels very slender, 

 elongate, jointed about the middle, the upper part scabrous, 

 falling with the spikelet, forming a stipe 5-6 mm. long; 



anther 1.3-1.5 mm. long. Aug.-Oct. Honshu (Uzen and 



Yamato Prov.), Kyushu; very rare. China. 



Makomo Zoku 



Large, stout, aquatic perennials or annuals, with flat or slightly involute leaf-blades and monoecious spikelets in panicles; 

 spikelets rather large, l-flowered, jointed at base and readily deciduous from the pedicels, somewhat angular, not flattened, 

 scabrous; glumes wholly reduced; lemma thinly membranous, 5-nerved, awned from the apex or awnless; callus short; rachilla 

 not prolonged; palea 3-nerved, the marginal nerves closely aligned to the marginal nerves of the lemma; stamens 6; caryopsis 

 cylindrical. Three or four species, in e. Asia and N. America. 



