Gramineae 



169 



1. Zizania latifolia Turcz. Umnochloa caduciflora 

 Turcz. ex Trin. in syn.; Z. caduciflora (Turcz.) Hand.-Mazz.; 

 Hydropyrum lati folium Griseb.; Z. aquatica sensu auct. Japon., 



non L.; Z. aquatica var. latifolia (Turcz.) Komar. Ma- 



KOMo. Stout aquatic perennial with thick creeping rhi- 

 zomes; culms 1-2.5 m. long, glabrous; leaf-blades glaucous- 

 green, 50-100 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, short-acuminate with a 

 short caudate tip, tapering to the base, the midrib beneadi 

 thickened in lower part; sheaths spongy-thickened, obtuse on 

 back; ligules white, elongate-deltoid, acute; panicles at length 



e.xserted, 40-60 cm. long, narrowly pyramidal, the branches 

 ascending, scabrous, subverticillate, with a tuft of long white 

 hairs in axils, pedicels short, the staminate spikelets on the 

 lower part, lanceolate, 8-12 mm. long, usually purplish, acute 

 or short-awned, stamens 6, the anthers linear, 6-10 mm. long; 

 pistillate spikelets on upper part pale green, linear, 18-25 mm. 



long, very scabrous; awns erect, 2-3 cm. long, scabrous. 



Aug.-Oct. Ponds and riverbanks; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shi- 

 koku, Kyushu; very common. Formosa, Ryukyus, Indo- 

 china, China, Korea, and e. Siberia. 



48. LOPHATHERUM Brongn. Sasa-kusa Zoku 



Tall perennials with flat, broadly lanceolate to ovate-oblong leaf-blades; spikelets subsessile, on one side of racemelike panicle 

 branches, with 1 perfect floret and few short-awned sterile lemmas in a group at the summit of the rachilla; spikelets more or less 

 laterally flattened, falling entire; glumes chartaceous, short; lemmas ovate, chartaceous, rounded on back, 5- to 7-nerved, the 

 fertile lemma awnless, the sterile ones short-awned; callus short, fused with the rachilla, glabrous; palea membranous, 2-keeled; 

 stigma with short branchlets. Few species, in se. Asia, China, and Japan. 



lA. Spikelets lanceolate to narrowly so, scarcely flattened; fertile lemma narrowly oblong, not bowed out on back, not keeled; caryopsis 



narrowly oblong 1 . L. graale 



IB. Spikelets narrowly ovate, distinctly flattened; fertile lemma broadly ovate, obtuse and bowed out on back; caryopsis oblong. 



2. L. sinense 



1. Lophatherum gracile Brongn. L. datum ZoU. & Mo- 

 ritzi; Acroelytrium japonicum Steud.; L. japonicum (Steud.) 

 Steud.; L. pilosulum Steud.; L. humile Miq.; L. annulatum 



Fr. & Sav. Sasa-kusa. Erect, tufted perennial, some of 



the roots often slenderly tuberous; culms 40-80 cm. long; leaf- 

 blades green, flat, broadly lanceolate, 10-30 cm. long, 2-5 cm. 

 wide, short-acuminate, glabrous or sparsely pilose, reticulate 

 beneath, rounded to a short petiolelike base; sheaths glabrous 

 or often pilose around the mouth; ligules short, truncate; pani- 

 cles long-exserted, 15-30 cm. long, the branches distant, single 

 or in pairs, angular, simple, spikelike, glabrous or sparingly 

 pilose; spikelets 7-8 mm. long, green, glabrous or sparsely 

 pilose, with a tuft of short hairs at base; fertile lemma awn- 



less; palea subhyaline, 2-keeled; sterile lemmas 3-6, the awns 

 1-1.5 mm. long, forming a minute 1-sided tuft; caryopsis 3.5 



mm. long, Aug.-Oct. Woods; Honshu (Kanto Distr. and 



westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu; locally abundant, and very vari- 

 able. Ryukyus, Formosa, s. Korea, China, India, and 



Malaysia. 



2. Lophatherum sinense Rendl. T6-sasa-kusa. A1. 

 lied to the preceding; spikelets 7-8 mm. long, green, lustrous, 

 distinctly flattened, narrowly ovate; glumes with obtuse keel, 

 scabrous above; fertile lemma ovate to broadly so, rather acute, 

 bowed out on back below the middle; anthers 1.5-2 mm. long; 



caryopsis glabrous. Aug.-Oct. Honshu (Kinki Distr. and 



westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu; rare. China. 



49. PHRAGMITES Ada 



YosHi Zoku 



Tall leafy perennials with creeping rhizomes and long stolons; blades flat; panicles large, the branches ascending, rather 

 densely spiculose; rachilla with copious long silky hairs, disarticulating above the glumes and at the base of each segment be- 

 tween the florets, the segments forming plumelike points below the florets; lowest floret usually staminate; glumes delicately 

 membranous, unequal; lemmas much longer than the glumes, delicately membranous, 3-nerved, glabrous, loosely involute above 

 as if short-awned at apex; palea short, 2-keeled; stamens 3; caryopsis glabrous, rather plump. Few species. 



lA. Stoloniferous, hirsute on nodes; first glume 1/2-3/5 as long as the lowest lemma, gradually narrowed to tip; upper leaf-sheaths usually 

 dull purplish above; spikelets 8-12 mm. long 1. P. japonica 



IB. Rhizomatous, also with long stolons; first glume less than half as long as the lowest lemma; sheaths usually not purplish. 



2A. Spikelets 12-17 mm. long; glumes 4-5, 6-8 mm. long; panicles 15-40 cm. long 2. P. communis 



2B. Spikelets 5-8 mm. long; glumes 3-4 mm. long; panicles 30-70 cm. long 3. P. kark,a 



1. Phragmites japonica Steud. P. prostrata Makino; P. 2-3 mm. long; anthers about 1.5 mm. long. Aug.-Oct. 



communis var. pumila Hack., excl. syn. Tsuru-yoshi, Ji- Sandy places along rivers; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; com- 



sHiBARi. Tall robust stoloniferous perennial with glauccscent mon. Korea, Ryukyus, Formosa, China, and Ussuri. 



leaves, the stolons hairy on the nodes; culms 1.5-3 m. long, 2. Phragmites communis Trin. Arundo phragmites h.; 



pubescent below the panicle and on the nodes; leaf-blades A. vulgaris Lam.; P. longivalvis Steud.; P. communis var. 



rather coriaceous, glaucous-green, elongate, 2-3 cm. wide, flat, longivalvis (Steud.) Miq.; P. nal^aiana Honda Yoshi, Kita- 



gradually narrowed above; sheaths often somewhat purplish; yoshi, Ashi. Culms 1-3 m. long, leafy, firm, with glabrous 

 ligules a series of hairs; panicles nodding, to 30 cm. long, or sparsely pilose nodes mostly covered by the sheaths, from 

 broadly ovate, the branches subverticillate, scabrous, long- long-creeping rhizomes; leaf-blades 20-50 cm. long, 2-^ cm. 

 pilose on axils and on pedicels; spikelets 8-12 mm. long, 3- or wide, gradually narrowed and declined in upper half, some- 

 4-flowered; glumes 1- to 3-nerved; lowest lemma staminate, times sparingly pilose; panicles broadly ovate, 15^0 cm. long, 

 narrowly lanceolate, 6-10 mm. long, the fertile lemmas linear- the branches subverticillate, elongate, sometimes nodding, sea- 

 lanceolate, 3-nerved; callus with long hairs on both sides; palea brous, sparsely long-hairy on axils and pedicels; spikelets 



