170 



Gramineae 



(10-) 12-17 mm. long, 2- to 4-flowered; glumes unequal; low- 

 est lemma 10-15 mm. long, gradually acuminate, the fertile 

 lemmas involute at tip and apparently short-awned; anthers 

 about 2 mm. long. Aug.-Oct. Gregarious in wet low- 

 lands; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; very common. 



Widespread in temperate regions. 



3. Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. Arundo \ar\a'Kexz.; 

 A. roxburghii Kunth; P. roxburghii (Kunth) Steud.; Sericura 

 japonica Steud. Sei-taka-yoshi, Seiko-no-yoshi. Allied 



to the preceding; culms taller, 2-4 m. long, as much as 2 cm. 

 in diameter at base; leaf-blades more ascending than in P. 

 communis, 40-70 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. wide, firm, flat, usually 

 not drooping; panicles 30-70 cm. long, the spikelets 5-8 mm. 



long; lemmas 5-7 mm. long. Aug.-Oct. Gregarious in 



wet lowlands; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; locally common. 

 Korea, China, Ryukyus, Formosa, India, Malaysia, Micro- 

 nesia, and Australia. 



50. ARUNDO L. Dan-chiku Zoku 



Stout, robust, tall perennials; culms often biennial or triennial and branched; leaf -blades flat, broadly linear; panicles large, 

 spikelets 2- to 5-flowered; florets bisexual, jointed at base; glumes rather unequal, delicately membranous, 3-nerved, shorter than 

 to as long as the florets; lemmas lanceolate, acute, delicately membranous, 3- to 5-nerved, with long white hairs on back, the 

 lateral nerves ending in minute teeth, the midrib excurrent from apex into a short, erect awn; callus minute, short-hairy, rarely 



glabrous; rachilla with short internodes; palea shorter than the lertuna, 2-keeled; stamens 3; ovary glabrous. A few species, 



in tropical and warmer regions of the Old World. 



1. Arundo donax L. A. benghalensis Retz.; A. bijaria 

 Retz.; A. donax var. benghalensis (Retz.) Makino Dan- 

 chiku. Stout perennial with thick, short, branched rhi- 

 zomes; culms 2-4 m. long, terete, 2-4 cm. in diameter, smooth, 

 glabrous; leaf-blades flat, 50-70 cm. long, 2-5 cm. wide, 

 glaucous-green, rather thick, gradually narrowed to tip, 

 rounded at base; ligules truncate, 1-2 mm. long, short-ciliate; 

 panicles erect, 30-70 cm. long, whitish with a purple hue, 

 slighdy lustrous, the branches scabrous; spikelets 8-12 mm. 

 long, 3- to 5-flowered; glumes equal, narrowly lanceolate, 



acuminate, 3-nerved, slighdy longer than the florets; lemmas 

 lanceolate, 7-10 mm. long, 3- to 5-nerved, with shorter vein- 

 lets between the nerves, 2-toothed at apex, with long white 

 hairs on back; the awn between the teeth at apex 1-3 mm. 

 long, slender, erect; callus broadly ovate, with short hairs 1.5-2 

 mm. long on both sides; palea 1/2-2/3 as long as the lemma; 

 anthers 2.5-3 mm. long. Aug.-Nov. Sand-dunes near sea- 

 shores; Honshu (Kanto Distr. and southw.), Shikoku, Kyu- 

 shu; common. Ryukyus, Formosa, China, India, and the 



Mediterranean region. 



51. PHAENOSPERMA Munro Taki-kibi Zoku 



Rather large perennial, glabrous throughout, with elongate leaf-blades and large, open, erect panicles; spikelets 1-flowered, 

 nodding or pendulous on a short jointed pedicel; glumes shorter than the floret, membranous or rather hyaline, not keeled, the 

 margins short-connate at base; lemma chartaceous, green, lustrous, awnless, smooth, not keeled on back, convolute while 

 young; callus fused with the base of the glumes; rachilla not prolonged; lodicules 3; stamens 3; caryopsis rather large, globose, 

 glabrous, exserted from between the lemma and palea, mucronate, with a persistent style-base. One species, in e. Asia. 



1. Phaenosperma globosum Munro. Garnotza japonica 

 Hack. ^Taki-kibi, Kashimagaya, O-tatsu-no-hige. Rhi- 

 zomes short; culms 1-1.5 m. long, erect, smooth; leaf-blades 

 rather thin, narrowly lanceolate, 30-50 cm. long, the radical 

 to 60 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, gradually narrowed to the base, 

 peuolate, rather flat, green beneath, glaucous above; ligules 

 lanceolate, 5-10 mm. long, smooth; panicles 30-50 cm. long, 

 at length open and effuse, the branches single or geminate, the 



base globosely thickened, with 2-8 nearly simple short 

 branches; spikelets deciduous from the very short pedicel, 

 about 4 mm. long, pendulous, nearly truncate at base; glumes 

 hyaline, 1- to 3-nerved, margins connate at base, the lower 

 2.5-3 mm., the upper 3.5-4 mm. long; lemmas about 4 mm. 

 long, obtuse, lustrous, smooth; caryopsis 2.5-3 mm. long and 



as broad. Aug.-Oct. Honshu (centr. distr. and westw.), 



Shikoku, Kyushu; rare. s. Korea, China, and Formosa. 



52. DIARRHENA Beauv. Tatsu-no-hige Zoku 



Erect, slender perennials; panicles open or narrow; spikelets 2- to 4-flowered, cylindric; florets easily deciduous from the joints 

 at base; glumes shorter than the lemma, rather obtuse; lemmas ovate, chartaceous, convolute while young, acute to mucronate, 

 green, usually smooth, lustrous, 3-nerved and often with a pair of short, accessory nerves outside rather close to the lateral nerve, 

 not at all or slighdy keeled above; callus short, glabrous; rachilla glabrous; palea 2-keeled; stamens 2; ovary glabrous; caryopsis 

 ellipsoidal, exserted between the lemma and palea at maturity, beaked. A few species, in e. Asia and N. America. 



lA. Anthers about 1 mm. long; panicle-branches slender, divaricately branched; lowest lemma about 3 mm. long; palea mostly smooth 

 on the keels; plant slender \. D. japonica 



IB. Anthers about 2 mm. long; panicle-branches erect to ascending, with few, erect branchlets; lowest lemma 3.5-4.5 mm. long; palea 

 scabrous on the keels; plant more robust 2. D. fauriei 



1. Diarrhena japonica Fr. & Sav. Onoea japonica Fr. blades flat, narrowly lanceolate, 20-30 cm. long, 8-15 mm. 



& Sav. nom. nud. Tatsu-no-hige. Culms slender, smooth, wide, narrowed at both ends, glabrous or rarely sparsely pilose 



erect, from short rhizomes, 50-80 cm. long, with short lanceo- above, the ligules 0.5-1 mm. long, truncate, thick-membranous; 



late innovation-buds covered by coriaceous scales at base; leaf- panicles exserted, 10-20 cm. long, very effuse and open, the 



