Gramineae 



177 



the lemma; lemma broadly lanceolate or narrowly ovate, slightly keeled, 3-nerved, chartaceous or rather membranous, pube- 

 scent toward the margins below, with a straight awn between 2 minute teeth at apex; callus short, usually short-hairy; rachilla 



not produced; palea as long as the lemma, 2-keeled; caryopsis narrow, terete, smooth, glabrous. Many species, chiefly in 



America, but a few in e. Asia, India, and Malaysia. 



lA. Culms creeping and branching at base, without elongate rhizomes; glumes Y2-% as long as the lemma; anthers 0.7-1 mm. long. 



1 . M. japonica 

 IB. Culms erect from base, with elongate rhizomes covered with smooth, lustrous, whitish, bladeless scales. 

 2A. Glumes ovate, obtuse or nearly so, often denticulate at summit, J4~/4 3s long as the lemma; anthers 0.7-1 mm. long; culms 



50-120 cm. long; awns 8-10 mm. long 2. M. longistolon 



2B. Glumes lanceolate, acuminate or very acute, entire, 3/3-4/5 as long as the lemma. 



3A. Spikelets 2.5-3 mm. long; glumes 3/5-2/3 as long as the lemma; culms much-branched in upper part; scales on rhizomes rather 



soft, appressed, scarcely inflated on back; anthers 0.5-0.7 mm. long i. M. ramosa 



3B. Spikelets 3-4 mm. long; glumes 2/3-4/5 as long as the lemma; culms not or scarcely branched in upper part; scales on rhizomes 

 coriaceous, inflated on back; anthers 0.8-2 mm. long. 

 4A. Spikelets 3-3.5 mm. long; anthers about 1 mm. long; leaf-blades 3-7 mm. wide; rhizomes, including the scales, 3-4 mm. 



across; panicle-branches ascending 4. A/, ciirviaristata 



4B. Spikelets 4-4.5 mm. long; anthers 1.5-2 mm. long; leaf-blades 2-4 mm wide; rhizomes about 2 mm. in diameter; panicle- 

 branches appressed to the axis 5. M. hakpnensis 



1. Muhlenbergia japonica Steud. Nezumigaya. Slen- nearly erect; spikelets 2.5-3 mm. long; glumes broadly lanceo- 

 der, loosely tufted perennial; culms 15-40 cm. long, ascending late, 1.5-2 mm. long, 1-nerved, acute; awn of the lemma 5-8 

 to erect from creeping, branching base; leaf-blades soft, thin, mm. long; anthers 0.5-0.7 mm. long; caryopsis narrowly ob- 



glaucous-green, 5-15 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, gradually nar- long, 1-1.5 mm. long, the hilum punctate. Aug.-Oct. 



rowed to the apex; sheaths rather flat; ligules very short, Woods in low mountains; Honshu (centr. distr. and westw.), 



ciliolate; panicles somewhat exserted, nodding or erect, 8-15 Kyushu. 



cm. long, lanceolate, rather dense, pale lead-green, with a 4. Muhlenbergia curviaristata (Ohwi) Ohwi. M. 



purplish glaucous hue, the branches single, slender, scabrous; ramosa var. curviaristata Ohwi. Koshino-nezumigaya. 



spikelets 2.5-3 mm. long; glumes broadly lanceolate, 1.5-2 Rhizomes about 10 cm. long, 3-4 mm. in diameter, covered 



mm. long, acute, white with a green keel; lemmas rather acute, with coriaceous, white, ovate, slightly keeled, inflated scales 



with a delicate erect awn 4-8 mm. long; stamens 3. Aug.- about 5-10 mm. long; culms erect, 60-100 cm. long, simple 



Oct. Woods in lowlands and low mountains; Hokkaido, or sparingly branched near the middle; leaf-blades 10-15 cm. 



Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. Ussuri, China, and long, 3-7 mm. wide; panicles 15-35 cm. long, the branches 2- 



Korea. to 4-nate, ascending; spikelets lanceolate, 3-3.5 mm. long; 



2. Muhlenbergia longistolon Ohwi. M. huegelii sensu glumes 2/3-4/5 as long as the spikelets, very acute; lemma 



auct. Japon., non Trin. O-nezumigaya. Rhizomes to 15 acuminate, the awn 3-4 mm. long, sHghtly curved at tip; 



cm. long, 3-4 mm. in diameter, with white, coriaceous, lus- anthers 0.8-1.2 mm. long. Aug.-Oct. Woods in moun- 



trous scales; culms erect, 50-120 cm. long, slighdy flattened, tains; Honshu (Japan Sea side of centr. distr.) ; rather rare, 



sparingly branched; leaf -blades 10-20 cm. long, 3-8 mm. wide, Var. nipponica Ohwi. Miyam^v-nezumigaya. Phase 



flat; panicles slightly nodding, 10-30 cm. long, pale green with with erect awns 5-10 mm. long. Hokkaido, Honshu (Ta- 



a purple hue, the branches ascending, scabrous; spikelets Ian- jima Prov. andeastw.). s. Kuriles. 



ceolate, about 3 mm. long; glumes membranous, white, ob- 5. Muhlenbergia hakonensis (Hack.) Makino. M. 



tuse, obscurely dentate, faintly nerved, the first 0.5-0.7 mm., japonica var. ha\onensis Hack. Tachi-nezumigaya. Rhi- 



the second 0.7-1 mm. long; lemma pale lead-green, the awn zomes to 10 cm. long, about 2 mm. in diameter, covered with 



straight, delicate, 8-10 mm. long; caryopsis lanceolate, 1.5-2 rather coriaceous, many-nerved, inflated, white scales; culms 



mm. long, free within the lemma and palea, not adherent. erect, slender, 40-80 cm. long; nearly simple; leaf-blades 10-20 



Aug.-Sept. Woods in mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shi- cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide; panicles linear, erect, 10-15 cm. long, 



koku, Kyushu; rather common. Korea, China, and Amur. 5-10 mm. wide; the branches single or geminate, appressed; 



3. Muhlenbergia ramosa (Hack.) Makino. M. japonica spikelets rather few, narrowly lanceolate, 4—4.5 mm. long; 



var. ramosa Hack.; M. inctimbens Honda Kidachi-no- glumes narrowly lanceolate, 3-3.5 mm. long, acuminate; awn 



nezumigaya. Rhizomes to 10 cm. long, with rather char- of die lemma 6-10 mm. long, slender, erect; anthers 1.5-2 



taceous, appressed, not inflated scales; culms erect or declinate mm., rarely 1.3 mm. long; caryopsis narrowly lanceolate, about 



above, 40-100 cm. long, freely branching above; leaf-blades 8- 2 mm. long. Aug.-Sept. Woods in mountains; Honshu 



15 cm. long, 2-5 mm. wide; panicles 10-15 cm. long, narrow, (Kanto Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu; rather rare. 



rather densely spiculose, the branches single or geminate, Korea (Quelpaert Isl.). 



66. LEPTURUS R. Br. Hai-shiba Zoku 



Rather small, firm annuals or perennials; leaf-blades linear, flat or involute, ligules short; inflorescence a simple terminal 

 cylindrical spike; spikelets sessile, solitary, alternate, embedded in the hollows on opposite sides of the jointed spike, the axis 

 disarticulate at the joints at maturity; lower glume suppressed except in the terminal spikelet, upper glume well-developed, 

 longer than the florets, narrow, acute to acuminate or awned, rigid, with 5-9 nerves; florets 1 or 2, the upper fertile or fre- 

 quently reduced; lemmas membranous or hyaline, finely 3-nerved. Few species in the tropical and warm regions of the 



Old World. 



