Gramineae 



179 



somerimes wanting; palea membranous to chartaceous; stamens 3; styles divided from base, the stigma feathery; caryopsis 



oblong, free but closely packed within the lemma and palea. About 50 species, in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and 



America. 



1. Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) C. Tanaka var. hirta. 

 Poa hirta Thunb.; Agrostis ciliata Thunb.; Arundinella ano- 

 mala Steud.; Arundinella murayamae Honda; Arundinella 

 oleagina Honda; Arundinella smaragdina Koidz.; Agrostis 

 thunbergii Steud.; Panicum mandshuricum Maxim., incl. var. 



peffinense Maxim. Ke-toda-shiba. Tufted, rather stout, 



strongly pilose throughout, with firm creeping rhizomes; 

 culms 30-120 cm. long, erect, sometimes scarcely pilose; leaf- 

 blades linear, somewhat spreading, 15-40 cm. long, 5-15 mm. 

 wide, flat or involute; ligules very short, long-ciliate; sheaths 

 usually longer dian the internodes, often pilose; panicles 8-30 

 cm. long, dense to rather loose, die branches short to elongate, 

 sometimes spikelike, usually hairy in die axils; spikelets usu- 

 ally geminate, pedicelled, green and often dull purplish, some- 

 times glaucescent, ovate to narrowly so, 3.5-4.5 mm. long; 

 glumes acuminate, firmly membranous, the first slighdy 

 shorter than the spikelet, 3-nerved, sometimes with 1 or 2 



pairs of accessory short nerves, the second longer, 5- to 

 7-nerved; sterile lemma slightly shorter, but similar to the 

 second glume, with a hyaline palea and stamens; fertile lemma 

 2.5-3 mm. long, awnless or rarely with a short, straight awn 

 from the entire apex and a tuft of hairs at base 1/4-1/3 as 



long as the lemma. Aug.-Oct. Lowlands and mountains; 



Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; very common and 



variable. Ussuri, Manchuria, and China. Varieties based on 



pubescence are as follows: 



Var. hondana Koidz. Oni-toda-shiba. Similar to the 

 typical phase, the spikelets pilose. 



Var. ciliata Koidz. Usuge-toda-shiba. Plant thinly pilose. 



Var. riparia (Honda) Ohwi. A. riparia Honda Migiwa- 



toda-shiba. Culms usually geniculate at base; fertile lemma 

 with the awn about 3 mm. long, slightly geniculate. Hon- 

 shu (Doro-kyo in Kii) ; rare. 



69. PSEUDORAPHIS Griff. 



Uki-shiba Zoku 



Glabrous grasses of vi'et places or in water; leaf-blades flat, linear to lanceolate; panicles simple, with rather numerous sub- 

 equal branches, the very slender main axis and the branches ending in a bristle; spikelets 1 to few, not or obsoletely jointed 

 at base, nearly sessile; first glimie minute, the second gradually narrowed to tip, flat, many-nerved; sterile lemma slightly shorter 

 than the glumes, acute, with a palea and 3 stamens; fertile lemma still shorter, chartaceous or herbaceous with a pistil and 2 

 sterile stamens. Few species, in e. Asia, India, Malaysia, and Australia. 



1. Pseudoraphis ukishiba Ohwi. Chamaeraphis depau- 

 perata sensu Hack., non Nees nee Balansa; C. spinescens var. 



depauperata sensu auct. Japon., non Hook. f. Uki-shiea. 



Rather soft, glabrous perennial; culms tufted, about 20 cm. 

 long in terrestrial plants, greatly elongate in water, ascending 

 at base, leafy; leaf-blades thin, flat, glaucous-green, linear, 3-5 

 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, abrupdy acuminate; ligules truncate, 

 about I mm. long, ciliolate; panicles racemose, 3-6 cm. long, 

 terminal, soon appearing lateral by the elongation of the lateral 

 bud, often reflexed from the base, partiy enclosed in the upper- 



most sheath, the axis smooth, the branches numerous, simple, 

 ascending, scabrous, about 2.5 cm. long with 1 spikelet slighdy 

 below the middle; spikelets nearly sessile, appressed to the 

 branchlet, lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long, gradually acuminate; first 

 glume nearly truncate, about 0.7 mm. long, the second longer, 

 7-nerved, membranous, pale green, loosely flowered; sterile 

 lemma slightly shorter than the glumes, glabrous; fertile 



lemma ovate, 1.2 mm. long, smooth. June-Aug. Ponds 



and wet places; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. s. Korea and 



China (?). 



70. PENNISETUM L. C. Rich. Chikara-shiba Zoku 



Annuals or perennials; culms often branched; leaf-blades linear, flat or involute; spikelets 1-3, in involucrate fascicles on a 

 thick axis, forming a feathery or brisdy spike, deciduous together with the involucre, the involucre of separate or partiy con- 

 nate, simple or branched, sometimes pinnate brisdes; first glume small, the second sometimes as long as the spikelet; sterile 

 lemma usually staminate and palea te, membranous to chartaceous; fertile lemma chartaceous, bisexual, paleate; stamens 3; 

 styles 2 or fused at base; caryopsis dorsally compressed, the hilum small. About 130 species, in warmer and tropical regions. 



lA. At least the inner involucral bristles pinnate at base; culms often branched, bearing few spikes I. P. orientale var. triflorum 



IB. Involucral brisdes scabrous, not pinnate; culms simple. 



2A. Leaf-sheaths slightly compressed; leaf-blades loosely involute to flat, 2-6 mm. wide, firmly herbaceous; pedicels of involucre 



spreading, 2-3 mm. long; second glume 3.5-4 mm. long, about half as long as the spikelet, 3- to 6-nerved. . . 2. P. alopccuroides 



2B. Leaf-sheaths terete; leaf-blades tighdy convolute, terete, about 1 mm. in diameter, coriaceous; pedicels of involucre ascending, 



0.7-1 mm. long; second glume about 1.5 mm. long, y^-Yi as long as the spikelet, nerveless 3. P. sordidum 



1. Pennisetum orientale L. C. Rich. var. triflorum 



(Nees) Stapf. P. triflorum Nees Eda-uchi-chikara-shiba. 



Tufted perennial, about 80-120 cm. high; culms glabrous, 

 puberulent above, branching below; leaf-blades flat, slighdy 

 pilose, 40-60 cm. long, 9-15 mm. wide, acuminate; spikes 

 cylindric, 15-25 cm. long, about 15 mm. wide, densely flow- 

 ered, dull purpurascent, the involucre much-spreading, with 

 3 or 4 spikelets; pedicels about 1 mm. long, villous; bristles 



unequal, 4-13 mm. long, the longest to 20 mm. long, the inner 

 pinnate at base; spikelets about 5 mm. long; glumes mem- 

 branous, lanceolate, acuminate, the first 1/4 as long as the 

 spikelet, nerveless, obtuse; sterile lemma as long as the fertile. 



Aug.-Nov. Naturalized; Honshu (near Tokyo); rare. 



N. Africa, Asia Minor, and India. 



2. Pennisetum alopccuroides (L.) Spreng. Panicum 

 alopecuroides L.; Ccnchrus purpurascens Thunb.; Pennisetum 



