180 



Gramineae 



japonicum Trin.; Pennisetum purpurascens (Thunb.) Kuntze, 

 non HBK. Chikara-shiba. Tufted, stout perennial SO- 

 SO cm. high; culms erect, densely white-pubescent in upper 

 part; leaf-blades 30-60 cm. long, 5-8 mm. wide, gradually 

 acuminate, glaucous and scabrous above, often loosely con- 

 volute, long-hairy near the mouth; ligules very short, ciliolate; 

 sheaths slightly keeled, smooth; spike terminal, solitary, cylin- 

 dric, 10-15 cm. long, about 2 cm wide; involucres with 1 

 spikelet, the pedicels 2-3 mm. long, the brisries 5-30 mm. long, 

 unequal, scabrous; spikelets about 7 mm. long, lanceolate or 

 broadly so, acute; glumes rather chartaceous, the first minute, 

 the second about half as long as the spikelet, narrowly oblong, 

 acute; sterile lemma as long as the fertile, both broadly lan- 

 ceolate and acute. Aug.-Nov. Grassy places and waste 



grounds in lowlands; Hokkaido (sw. distr.), Honshu, Shi- 



koku, Kyushu; very common. Korea, China, Formosa to 



Philippines. Our material consists of three phases based on the 



color of the involucral brisries: Forma purpurascens 



(Thunb.) Ohwi. Chikaka-shiba. Bristles dark purple; 



the commonest form. Forma viridescens (Miq.) Ohwi. 



Gytnnothrix japonica var. viridescens Miq. Ao-chikara- 



sHiBA. Bristles pale green. Forma erythrochaetum 



Ohwi. Beni-chikara-shiba. Bristles red. 



3. Pennisetum sordidum Koidz. Shima-chikara-shiba. 

 Glabrous, densely tufted perennial; culms 40-60 cm. long, 

 smooth, covered by the leaf -sheaths; leaf-blades often exceed- 

 ing the culms in length, strongly convolute, 1-1.5 mm. wide, 

 3-4 mm. wide when flat, scabrous above, gradually narrowed 

 to a filiform tip, hairy at the mouth; sheaths terete; ligule a 

 series of fine hairs; spikes 8-12 cm. long, dense, the axis sca- 

 brous, bearing ascending involucres, each with 1 spikelet; 

 bristles unequal, scabrous, whitish, 1-2 cm. long; pedicels 0.7-1 

 mm. long, hairy; spikelets lanceolate, about 6 mm. long, acu- 

 minate; first glume small, ovate, 1/5-1/4 as long as the spike- 

 let, nerveless, the second 1/4-1/3 as long as the spikelet, 

 about 1.5 mm. long; sterile lemma acuminate, 3- to 5-nerved; 



fertile lemma as long as the sterile one, awn-pointed. Oct.- 



Nov. Near seashores; Kyushu (s. distr.). Bonins, Ryu- 



kyus, and Amami-Oshima. 



71. SETARIA Beauv. Enokoro-gusa Zoku 



Annuals or perennials, with flat or plicate leaf-blades and simple or branched culms; panicle open or contracted, often cylindric 

 and spikelike, the branchlets ending in a brisde; spikelets ovate, obtuse, jointed at the base; glumes membranous, the first small, 

 the second usually shorter than the floret; sterile lemma membranous, paleate or almost epaleate, sometimes staminate; fertile 



lemma coriaceous, ovate, usually rugulose, sometimes smooth; stamens 3; styles not connate. About 100 species, widespread 



in warmer regions. 



lA. Panicles loose and open, with rather distant branches, the bristles sparse, the axis visible; leaf-blades 1.5-7 cm., rarely 5-17 mm. 

 wide. 

 2A. Leaf-blades plicate, 1.5-7 cm. wide; tufted perennials; florets finely rugose. 



3A. Leaf-blades 3-7 cm. wide; florets ovate, slightly rugulose I. S. palmijolia 



3B. Leaf-blades 1.5-3 cm. wide; florets narrowly ovate, distincdy rugulose 2. S. plicata 



2B. Leaf-blades flat, not plicate, 5-15 mm. wide; perennials with much-elongated rhizomes; florets smooth 3. S. chondrachne 



IB. Panicles cylindric, spikelike, the branches and branchlets very dense, concealing the axis; leaf-blades flat or slightly folded, 3-30 mm. 

 wide. 

 4A. Palea of sterile floret lanceolate, nerveless, hyaline, much smaller than the fertile floret, or obsolete; leaf-sheaths ciliate. 



5A. Spikelets 2-2.7 mm. long; second glume nearly as long as the floret; floret not visible 4. S. viridis 



5B. Spikelets about 3 mm. long; second glume ?^-?4 as long as the floret; floret naked on back; leaf -blades usually pilose above. 



5. S. faberi 

 4B. Palea of sterile floret nearly as large as the floret, ovate, hyaline, sometimes brown-tinged, often staminate, 2-keeled; leaf-sheaths 

 not ciliate. 



6A. Spikelets about 3 mm. long, somewhat whitish; bristles golden-yellow; plants annual 6. S. glauca 



6B. Spikelets 2-2.8 mm. long; bristles brown, brownish purple or rarely golden-yellow or whitish; plants annual. . . 7. 5. pallidefusca 



1. Setaria palmifolia (Koenig) O. Stapf. Panicum palmi- 



jolium Koenig; P. plicatum Willd., non Lam. Sasa-kibi. 



Large, tufted, strigose-hirsute perennial 80-200 cm. high; leaf- 

 blades oblanceolate or lanceolate, plicate, 30-60 cm. long, 3-7 

 cm. wide, scabrous, hirsute or nearly glabrous, sessile or gradu- 

 ally narrowed to a petiolelike base; ligules very short, long 

 bristly-hairy; sheaths and sheath-margins long brisriy-hairy; 

 panicles 20-40 cm. long, somewhat nodding at mamrity; 

 branches rather spikelike, nearly simple or short-branched, the 

 branchlets partly ending in a short bristle; spikelets ovate, 

 green, about 3 mm. long, abrupdy acuminate; first glume 

 2/5-1/2 as long as the spikelet, the second slightiy shorter than 

 the spikelet, 7-nerved, ovate; sterile lemma largest, 5-nerved, 

 acuminate; floret nearly as long as the sterile lemma, trans- 

 versely finely rugose, lustrous, mucronate. Aug.-Nov. Kyu- 

 shu (s. distr.). Tropical Asia, including the Ryukyus and 



Formosa. 



2. Setaria plicata (Lam.) T. Cooke. Panicum plicatum 

 Lam.; P. excurrens Trin.; S. excurrens (Trin.) Miq.; P. pau- 



cisetum Steud.; 5. excurrens var. pauciseta (Steud.) Ohwi 



Ko-sasa-kibi. Nearly glabrescent tufted perennials; culms 

 80-130 cm. long, glabrous; leaf-blades thin, narrowly lanceo- 

 late, plicate, glabrous, 20-30 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide, acumi- 

 nate, the lower ones narrowed to a petiolelike base; sheaths 

 hairy on mouth and margins; panicles 20-30 cm. long, loosely 

 branched, scabrous, the branches slender, spikelike, ascending; 

 spikelets green, sometimes slighriy purplish, ovate-oblong or 

 narrowly ovate, 3.3-3.5 mm. long, acute; first glume ovate- 

 rounded, about 1/3 as long as the spikelet, the second 2/3-3/4 

 as long, oblong, obtuse, 5- to rarely 7-nerved; sterile lemma nar- 

 rowly ovate, 3.3-3.5 mm. long, rather acute, 5- rarely 7-nerved; 

 fertile lemma as long as the sterile, lustrous, ovate-oblong, acute, 

 distinctly rugulose. Sept.-Oct. Kyushu. Ryukyus, For- 

 mosa, s. China, India, and Malaysia. 



