Gramineae 



181 



3. Setaria chondrachne (Steud.) Honda. Panicum 

 chondrachne Steud.; P. maimmurae Hack.; S. matsumurae 



(Hack.) Hack. Inu-awa. Rather glabrous perennial; 



rhizomes elongate, covered by coriaceous, short scales; culms 

 50-80 cm. long, branching below, glabrous; leaf-blades thin, 

 flat, broadly linear, 20-40 cm. long, 5-15 mm. wide, acuminate, 

 scabrous; ligules very short, ciliolate; sheaths ciliate; panicles 

 15-30 cm. long, narrow, linear to narrowly lanceolate, sca- 

 brous, the branches short, spreading, loosely flowered; spikelets 

 ovate, 2-2.2 mm. long, acute, green or yellowish green; first 

 glume 2/5-1/2 as long as the spikelet, the second 2/3 as long, 

 5-nerved, ovate, acute; sterile lemma 5-nerved, acute; fertile 

 lemma as long as the sterile one, 2-2.2 mm. long, narrowly 



ovate, mucronately acute, smooth and lustrous. Aug.-Oct. 



Thickets and woods in lowlands; Honshu (Uzen, Kanto, 

 Etchu Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu; rather common. 

 s. Korea and China. 



4. Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. Panicum viride L.; S. 



italica subsp. viridis (L.) Thell. Enokorogusa. Weedy 



annual; culms erect, glabrous, branching at base, 20-70 cm. 

 long; leaf-blades linear to broadly so, 5-20 cm. long, 5-15 

 (rarely to 20) mm. wide, glabrous, flat, the sheaths and ligules 

 ciliate; panicles cylindric, terete, spikelike, nearly erect, 2-5 

 cm. long, pale green, sometimes purpurascent, the axis spread- 

 ing-hairy, the brisdes numerous, densely arranged, spreading, 

 short, scabrous, 6-8 mm. long; spikelets about 2 mm. long, 

 ovate, obtuse; first glume 2/5-1/3 as long as the spikelet, the 

 second nearly as long, ovate, obtuse, 5-nerved; sterile lemma 

 similar, slightly longer than the second glume, the fertile 

 lemma ovate-elliptic, as long as the sterile, obtuse, minutely 



rugulose; anthers dark brown. Aug.-Nov. Waste grounds 



and cultivated fields; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; 



very common. Widespread in temperate and subtropical 



regions. 



Var. pachystachys (Fr. & Sav.) Makino & Nemoto. Pani- 

 cum pachystachys Fr. & Sav., pro parte; S. pachystachys (Fr. & 



Sav.) Fr. & Sav. e.x Matsumura Hama-enokoro. A 



shorter and more branched annual; blades slightly thicker; 

 panicles 1-4 cm. long; spikelets and bristles very dense and 

 numerous, the latter rarely purpurascent; anthers yellowish 



brown. Grassy places near seashores; Hokkaido, Honshu, 



Shikoku, Kyushu; very common. 



5. Setaria faberi Herrm. S. autumnalis Ohwi Aki- 



No-ENOKOROGUSA. Similar to but larger than the preceding 

 species; culms 40-100 cm. long, branching below, slightly sca- 

 brous above; leaf-blades flat, 10-30 cm. long, 8-20 mm. wide, 

 often pilose above, the sheath-margins and ligules ciliate; pani- 

 cles cylindric, spikelike, contracted, 5-10 cm. long, nodding, 

 green, sometimes slighriy purpurascent, the bristles numerous; 

 spikelets densely arranged, ovate to broadly so, obtuse, 2.8-3 

 mm. long; first glume about 1/3 as long as the spikelet, the 

 second 2/3-3/4 as long, broadly ovate; sterile lemma as long 

 as the spikelet; fertile lemma ovate, rather obtuse, punctate 



and minutely rugulose, rather lustrous. Sept.-Nov. Waste 



grounds and thickets; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; 

 very common; grows in more shaded places than the preced- 

 ing species. China; naturalized in N. America. 



6. Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. Panicum glaucum L.; P. 

 lutescens Weigel; 5. lutescens (Weigel) F. T. Hubb.; 5. pumila 



sensu auct., non Roem. & Schult. Kin-enokoro. Smooth, 



nearly glabrous annual; culms 20-50 cm. long, branching at 

 base, puberulent below the panicle; leaf-blades linear, 10-25 

 cm. long, gradually acute, smooth, glabrous except for a few 

 long hairs near the mouth; ligule a series of short hairs; 

 sheaths slighdy flattened, glabrous; panicles cylindric, spike- 

 like, erect, 3-10 cm. long, golden-yellow, the axils pilose-sca- 

 brous, with the bristles spreading, scabrous, 7-10 mm. long; 

 spikelets broadly ovate, rather acute, 2.8-3 mm. long, whitish; 

 first glume 3-nerved, about half as long as the spikelet, the 

 second 3/5-2/3 as long, broadly ovate, 5-nerved; sterile lemma 

 as long as the floret, 5-nerved; fertile lemma broadly ovate, 



finely rugulose, rather obtuse, lustrous. Aug.-Oct. Waste 



grounds and cultivated fields in lowlands; Hokkaido, Honshu, 

 Shikoku, Kyushu; common northw. Cosmopolitan in tem- 

 perate areas. 



7. Setaria pallidefusca (Schumach.) Summerh. & C. E. 

 Hubb. Panicum pallidefuscum Schumach.; 5'. geniculata 



sensu Ohwi, non Beauv. Ko-tsubu-kin-enokoro. Similar 



to the preceding; panicles slighdy narrower, with slighdy 

 shorter brisdes; spikelets pale green, 2-2.8 mm. long; brisdes 



brown to purplish brown, rarely golden-yellow or white. 



Aug.-Oct. Waste grounds and cultivated fields in lowlands; 

 Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common and more variable than 



the preceding. Warmer parts of Africa, Asia, and Northern 



Australia. 



72. SACCIOLEPIS Nash Numerigusa Zoku 



Annuals or perennials; leaf-blades linear, flat or involute; culms often branched at base; panicles dense and spikelike, green or 

 purplish; spikelets small, deciduous from the ape-x of the short thickened pedicel, ovate to broadly lanceolate, terete or some- 

 what laterally compressed, slighdy gibbous on one side at base; glumes prominendy nerved, fragile, membranous; first glume 

 small, the second saccate at base; sterile lemma erect, with a reduced palea within; fertile lemma rather small, crustaceous, 

 smooth, ovoid, lustrous, substipitate; stigma long; hilum minute. About 30 species, widespread in wet places in warm- 

 temperate and tropical regions. 



1. Sacciolepis indica (L.) Chase. Panicum indicum L.; 

 Aira spicata L.; 5. spicata (L.) Honda Hai-numeri. Gla- 

 brous, soft annual; culms tufted, erect, smooth, 10-40 cm. 

 long, from a branching, ascending or decumbent base; leaf- 

 blades linear, 4-10 cm. long, 2-A mm. wide, glabrous; ligules 

 very short, hyaline; sheaths rather short, glabrous; panicles 

 spikelike, long-exserted, erect, cylindric, 1-6 cm. long, pale 

 green, 4-6 mm. across, densely flowered, the axis smooth; 

 pedicels short, slightly dilated and concave at apex; spikelets 



about 3 mm. long, acute, numerous, narrowly conical-ovoid, 

 slightly oblique, often sparsely white-pilose; first glume ovate, 

 about half as long as the spikelet, the second longer, narrowly 

 ovate-oblong, prominently several-nerved; sterile lemma slightly 

 shorter, not inflated at base; fertile lemma crustaceous, lus- 

 trous, narrowly ovoid-oblong, rather acute, pale yellow, about 

 1.5 mm. long. Aug.-Oct. Wet paddy fields and river- 

 banks; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. India, China, 



Malaysia, Korea, Ryukyus, Formosa, and Australia. 



