Gramineae 



185 



1. Eriochloa villosa (Thunb.) Kunth. Paspalum villo- 



sum Thunb.; Panicum ttiberculiftorum Steud. Narukobie. 



Tufted, villous perennial; culms 50-100 cm. long, villous; 

 leaf-blades flat, linear, 10-25 cm. long, 7-15 mm. wide; ligules 

 very short, ciliate; racemes 4-7, loosely arranged on the axis, 

 2-5 cm. long, white-villous, spreading, rachis about 1 mm. 

 wide, 3-angled; spikelets slightly compressed, broadly ovate. 



4.5-5 mm. long inclusive of the basal ring, acute; second glume 

 and sterile lemma as long as the spikelet, broadly ovate, rather 

 acute, membranous, softly pubescent, pale, with 5, green, weak 

 nerves; fertile lemma as large as the sterile one, subobtuse, 



coriaceous, punctate, yellow. July-Oct. Grassy places in 



lowlands; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; rather common. 



Ussuri, China, Manchuria, and Korea. 



77. OPLISMENUS Beauv. Chijimizasa Zoku 



Aimuals or perennials with rather broad, lanceolate leaf -blades; panicles spikelike or with racemosely arranged simple 

 branches; spikelets ovate, short-pedicelled; first glume abaxial, membranous, 3- to 5-nerved, apically awned, the second similar, 

 usually awnless; sterile lemma longer, 5- to 7-nerved, sometimes paleate and staminate; fertile lemma ovate, awnless, rather 

 coriaceous to chartaceous, smooth. More than a dozen species, widespread in all warm-temperate and tropical regions. 



lA. Branches of inflorescence not elongate, rarely to 1.5 cm. long, very slender and densely flowered 1.0. undiilatif otitis 



IB. Branches (racemes) of inflorescence elongate, 2-5(— 7) cm. long, rather thick, loosely flowered 2. 0. compositus 



1. Oplismenus undulatifolius (Arduino) Roem. & 

 Schuit. Panicum undtilatifolium Arduino; P. hirtellum sensu 



Thunb., non L. Ke-chijimizasa. Coarsely pubescent 



perennial; culms 10-30 cm. long, branching and long-creeping 

 at base; leaf-blades flat, broadly lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 

 3-7 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. wide, acuminate, slightly oblique and 

 cuneate to obtusely rounded at base; ligules very short; sheaths 

 short; panicles simple and spikelike, exserted, erect, linear or 

 lanceolate, 6-12 cm. long, loosely and interruptedly racemose, 

 the branches 6-10, very short, rarely to 15 mm. long, slender, 

 densely flowered; spikelets short-pubescent, narrowly ovate, 

 about 3 mm. long, acute, subsessile; first glume broadly lan- 

 ceolate, obtuse, about half as long as the spikelet, with a 

 straight, antrorsely scaberulous awn, the second narrowly 

 ovate, about 2/3 as long as the spikelet, long-awned, 3-nerved; 

 sterile lemma as long as the spikelet, broadly ovate, acute with 

 a short awn, 5- to 7-nerved; fertile lemma pale, smooth, lus- 

 trous, acute, about 2.7 mm. long. Aug.-Oct. Woods in 



lowlands; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; very com- 

 mon and variable. Korea, China, India to s. Europe. 



Var. japonicus Steud. Panicum japonicum Steud.; O. ja- 



ponicus (Steud.) Honda; O. tsushimensis Honda Ko-chi- 



jiMiZASA. Glabrescent. Nearly as common as the typical 

 phase. 



Var. microphyllus (Honda) Ohwi. O. microphyllus 



Honda Chabo-chijimizasa. Plant smaller and less pilose; 



leaf-blades 1-3 cm. long; branches of the inflorescence very 

 short with a few spikelets. 



2. Oplismenus compositus (L.) Beauv. Panicum 



composiium L.; O. polliniaejolius Honda Eda-uchi-chiji- 



MiZASA. Larger than the preceding; culms 20-40 cm. long, 

 long-creeping and loosely branching at base; leaf-blades flat, 

 broadly lanceolate to semi-ovate, 3-10 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, 

 acuminate, sometimes pubescent; ligules very short, truncate; 

 sheaths glabrous to pilose; panicles exserted, 10-20 cm. long, 

 the racemes 6-10, loosely arranged on the axis, ascending to 

 spreading, 3-8 cm. long, loosely spiculose, the rachis tri- 

 angular; spikelets green, rarely slightly dull purplish, nar- 

 rowly ovate, 3-3.5 mm. long, usually glabrous; awn slightly 



thicker than in the preceding species. Oct.-Nov. Woods 



in lowlands and mountains; Honshu (Izu Isls.), Kyushu; rare. 

 Ryukyus, Formosa, s. China, and in tropical regions gen- 

 erally. 



Var. patens (Honda) Ohwi. O. patens Honda Oba- 



CHijiMiZASA. Plant stouter, glabrescent; leaf blades 10-15 

 cm. long, 2-3.5 cm. wide; spikelets slighdy larger; fertile 



lemma terminated with an apical straight mucro. Kyushu 



(Yakushima). Ryukyus and Formosa. 



78. ECHUNOCHLOA Beauv. Hie Zoku 



Annuals or perennials, usually rather stout; leaf-blades linear, flat; panicles pyramidal, with spikelike branches densely 

 spiculose on one side; spikelets ovoid, subsessile, acuminate or awned, spinulose-scabrous; glumes and sterile lemma membranous, 

 the first smaller, acuminate, the second nearly as long as the spikelet, inflated, 5- to 7-nerved, awned or acuminate; sterile lemma 

 similar to the second glume, sometimes rather coriaceous and lustrous, often long-awned, sometimes paleate and staminate; fer- 

 tile lemma ovate, smooth, lustrous, coriaceous, acute, convex on back. More than a dozen species, in the warmer regions of 



the world. 



1. Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. var. crusgalli. 

 Panicum crusgalli L.; E. crusgalli (L.) Beauv.; E. caudata 

 Rashev.; E. crusgalli var. caudata (Rashev.) Kitag.; Oplisme- 

 nus crusgalli (L.) Kunth Inubie. Coarse annual; culms 



80-120 mm. long, rather thick, branching at base; leaf-blades 

 linear, flat, 30-50 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, scabrous, scarcely 

 thickened on margin; ligules wanting; sheaths smooth, often 

 reddish in lower ones; panicles exserted, more or less nodding, 

 10-25 cm. long, rather densely branched, the branches (ra- 

 cemes) to 3-5 cm. long, ascending, sessile; spikelets 3-4 mm. 

 long, densely arranged on branches, ovoid, often long-awned, 

 pale green and often dull purplish, short bristly on nerves; 

 first glume about 2/5 as long as the spikelet, deltoid, the sec- 



ond as long as the spikelet, short-awned; sterile lemma mem- 

 branous, with a straight scabrous awn 2-4 cm. long, or awn- 

 less; fertile lemma ovate-ellipdc, acute, pale yellow, lustrous, 



smooth, 3-3.5 mm. long. Aug.-Oct. Wet paddy fields 



and ponds; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; very common and 



variable. Widespread in all warmer regions. Forma 



kanashiroi Ohwi. Leaf-blades and sheaths pilose. 



Var. praticola Ohwi. Panicum crusgalli var. muticum 

 sensu auct. Japon., non Wirtgen Hime-inubie. An awn- 

 less, more slender plant. July. Very common in (not 



wet) lowlands; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



Formosa, Ryukyus, to Korea. 



Var. formosensis Ohwi. E. crusgalli var. kasaharae Ohwi 



