Gramineae 



187 



short-pedicelled, elliptic, grayish green, 2-2.3 mm. long, 

 rounded at apex, dull; glumes alike, thick-membranous, with 

 9-11 raised, prominently scabrous nerves; lemmas alike, 

 broadly ovate-elliptic, rather prominendy compressed, coria- 



ceous, rounded at apex, sparsely puberulent on margins. 



Reported to occur in Kyushu. Ryukyus, Formosa, s. China, 



Indochina, Malaysia, and Micronesia. 



81. SPINIFEX L. TsuKi-iGE Zoku 



Stout dioecious perennials; culms rather woody; leaf-blades linear, pungent; inflorescence capitate, the branches radiate, sessile, 

 pungent, each with one pistillate spikelet, the staminate spikelets several, 2-flowered, subsessile, the glumes 5- to 7-nerved, shorter 

 than the florets, chartaceous; pistillate spikelets solitary at base of long naked branches, the glumes and sterile lemmas alike or the 



first somewhat longer; sterile lemma sometimes paleate; fertile lemma 5- to 7-nerved, involute, acute. Several species, of 



sandy seashores in Australia, Malaysia, Polynesia, India, and e. Asia. 



half of the raceme, 8-12 mm. long, the glumes herbaceous, 

 nerved, aciuninate; pistillate spikelets single, near the base of 

 long spinelike branches of the inflorescence; glumes many- 

 nerved; fertile lemma rather coriaceous, broadly lanceolate, 

 about 10 mm. long, slightly shorter than the sterile lemma, 



acuminate, glabrous, few-nerved only in upper part. July- 



Aug. Sandy seashores; Kyushu (Yakushima and Tanega- 



shima) ; very rare. Ryukyus, Formosa, s. China, Malaysia, 



and India. 



1. Spinifex littoreus (Burm. f.) Merr. Stipa spinifex L.; 



Slipa littorea Burm. f.; Spinifex squarrosus L. Tsuki-ige. 



Stout perennials; culms decumbent and branching at base, 

 30-50 cm. long; leaf-blades crowded at the nodes, coriaceous, 

 subulate-linear, 5-20 cm. long, 2.5-3 mm. wide, glabrous, spine- 

 pointed, terete with a groove above, smooth but scabrous on 

 margin, pale green, often glaucous; ligules very short, densely 

 white-hairy; sheaths often crowded and overlapping, glabrous, 

 at first ciliate; staminate inflorescence 4-8 cm. across; racemes 

 many, ending in a spine; staminate spikelets alternate on upper 



82. DIMERIA R. Br. Karimata-gaya Zoku 



Slender annuals or perennials; leaf-blades linear, acute; racemes 1 to several, digitate; rachis persistent; spikelets alternate, in 2 

 rows on one side of a continuous rachis, solitary, sessile, lanceolate, laterally flattened, deciduous from the base; glumes folded 

 and flattened, the first narrowly linear; sterile lemma hyaline; fertile lemma hyaline, keeled, 1-nerved, 2-toothed, usually awned; 



palea minute or wanting; stamens 2; caryopsis linear; laterally compressed. About 20 species, Madagascar to India, e. Asia, 



Malaysia, and Australia. 



1. Dimeria ornithopoda Trin. var. tenera (Trin.) 

 Hack. D. tenera Trin.; Andropogon stipaejormis Steud.; D. 

 stipaejormis (Steud.) Miq.; D. higoensis Honda; D. mi\ii 



Honda; D. neglecta Tzvel. Karimata-gaya. Annual; 



culms erect or from ascending base, cespitose or solitary, 7-40 

 cm. long; leaf-blades linear, the margins often slightiy re- 

 curved, 4-7 cm. long, 3-5 mm. wide; ligules ovate, obtuse, 

 hyaline, glabrous, 1-2.5 mm. long; sheaths rather short, gla- 

 brous or sparsely long-hairy, smooth; inflorescence terminal 

 and from axils of upper leaves; racemes 1-5, commonly 2 or 

 3, erect, sessile, 2-8 cm. long, pale green to pale brown; rachis 



not jointed; spikelets compressed, appressed to the rachis, 

 nearly sessile, lanceolate, acute, 2.5-4 mm. long, with a tuft 

 of very short hairs at base; first glume linear-lanceolate, mem- 

 branous, with a scabrous, purplish keel, the second as long, 

 lanceolate; fertile lemma hyaline, about 2/3 as long as the 

 glumes, 2-toothed, 1-nerved, the awn between the teeth, 2-10 



mm. long, geniculate and twisted, minutely scabrous. 



Aug.-Oct. Wet places in lowlands; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shi- 



koku, Kyushu; common. India, Malaysia, and Australia. 



Subvar. microchaeta Hack. Hime-karimata-gaya. 



Awnless. Occurs with the species. 



83. ECCOILOPUS Steud. Abura-susuki Zoku 



Ratiier tall tufted perennials; leaf-blades linear, often petiolate and sagittate at base; panicles exserted; racemes pedunculate, 

 with a jointed persistent rachis; spikelets geminate, lanceolate to ovate, nearly terete, with a tuft of short hairs at base, deciduous 

 from the pedicels; glumes nearly equal, herbaceous, nerved; sterile lemma paleate or epaleate; fertile lemma hyaline, bifid, the 

 awn perfect or imperfect.- Several species, in e. Asia. 



1. Eccoilopus cotuUfer (Thunb.) A. Camus. Andro- 

 pogon cottilijer Thunb.; Spodiopogon cotttlifer (Thunb.) 



Hack.; E. andropogonoides Steud. Abura-susuki. Tall 



tufted perennial; culms erect, simple, 80-120 cm. long, rather 

 stout, resinously lustrous below the panicle; radical leaf-blades 

 fiat, linear, 40-60 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. wide, acuminate, grad- 

 ually narrowed to the petiole, sparsely pilose or glabrous; lig- 

 ules 2-4 mm. long, appressed-pubescent dorsally; sheaths 

 smooth, the upper cauline not petiolate; panicles 20-30 cm. 

 long, nodding; racemes loosely arranged, rather many, pendul- 

 ous or nodding on rather long, nearly smooth, slender pedun- 



cles, 3-5 cm. long, sometimes branched at base, loosely spic- 

 ulose; rachis persistent, with a tuft of short hairs at each node; 

 joints and pedicels slighdy thickened above; spikelets equal, 

 lanceolate, terete, about 6 mm. long, scabrous, acuminate, 

 white-pilose, pale green, rarely dull purple; glumes herbaceous, 



with raised nerses; fertile lemma with an exserted awn. 



Sept.-Oct. Grassy places and thickets in low mountains; Hok- 

 kaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu: common and variable. 



Korea, Formosa, China, and India. Forma sagittiformis 



Ohwi. Radical leaves w ith blades sagittate at base. 



