188 



Gramineae 



84. IMPERATA Cyr. 



Chigaya Zoku 



Perennials with long-creeping rhizomes; culms erect; panicles dense, with an elongate continuous axis; racemes numerous, 

 rather short, the rachis persistent, not disarticulating; spikelets alike, geminate, lanceolate, awnless, long-sericeous, deciduous 

 from pedicels of various length; glumes membranous; sterile lemma epaleate, hyaline; fertile lemma hyaline; palea nerveless; 

 stamens 1 or 2. About 10 species, in warm-temperate to tropical regions. 



1. Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. var. koenigii 

 (Retz.) Durand & Schinz. Saccharutn \oenigii Retz.; /. \oeni- 

 gii (Retz.) P. Beauv.; 7. arundinacea var. \oenigii (Retz.) 



Benth.; 7. pedicellata Steud. Chigaya, Fushige-chigaya. 



Rhizomes elongate; culms 30-80 cm. long, rather slender, firm, 

 long-hairy on nodes; leaf-blades flat, linear, 20-50 cm. long, 

 7-12 mm. wide, acuminate, gradually narrowed to a petiole- 

 like base, scabrous; ligules truncate, very short; sheaths smooth 

 or often long-pilose; panicles spikelike, nearly erect, silvery 

 white, 10-20 cm. long, cylindric, the racemes less than 3 cm. 

 long, sparsely long-hairy; spikelets lanceolate, 3.5-4.5 mm. 

 long, glabrous, terete, acute, with a tuft of silvery white hairs 



about 12 mm. long at the base; glumes lanceolate, acuminate, 

 membranous, few-nerved; stamens 2, 2.5-3 mm. long; stigma 



blackish purple, lanceolate in outline. May-June. Waste 



grounds in lowlands; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; 



very common. In temperate regions. Forma pallida 



Honda. 7. cylindrica var. genuina sensu auct. Japon., non 

 Durand & Schinz ^Kenashi-chigaya. Culm-nodes gla- 

 brous; common within our area. China, Korea, and Man- 

 churia. 



Imperata cylindrica var. major (Nees) C. E. Hubb. The 

 tropical phase, which differs from ours in the larger panicles 

 with smaller, narrower stigmas. 



85. MISCANTHUS Anderss. SusdkiZoku 



Robust perennials; leaf-blades elongate-linear; racemes few to rather many on the short axis of the panicle; rachis slender, 

 many-jointed; perfect spikelets usually awned, the secondary spikelet and its pedicel usually wanting, or the pedicel (rarely a 

 spikelet) developed only at the lower joints of the articulate rachis; perfect spikelet bisexual, usually awned, lanceolate, deciduous 

 from the pedicel; callus-hairs longer or shorter than the spikelets; glumes chartaceous; sterile lemma hyaline, epaleate; fertile 

 lemma hyaline, 2-toodied; palea short, nerveless, stamens 2 or 3. About 20 species, in India, e. Asia, Malaysia, and Polynesia. 



lA. Rhizomes elongate; spikelets dull gray-brown, usually awnless; callus-hairs 2—4 times as long as the spikelet, silvery white; plants gre- 

 garious, in wet places 1 . Af . sacckariflorus 



IB. Rhizomes short, thick; spikelets usually awned, sometimes awnless; callus-hairs nearly as long or shorter than the spikelet, white to 

 purplish; plants growing in dry fields. 



2A. Infloresence paniculate, the axis elongate, much longer than the racemes 2. M. floridulus 



2B. Inflorescence corymbose, the axis shorter than or slightly longer than the racemes. 



3A. Leaf-blades linear, very long, usually coriaceous or thick-herbaceous; racemes usually many 3. M. sinensis 



3B. Leaf-blades, at least some of cauline ones, narrowly lanceolate, herbaceous; racemes usually 2-12. 



4A. Spikelets awned; first glume gradually narrowed above and bidentate at apex; leaf -blades pilose beneath. 



5A. Awn perfect, about 15 mm. long; racemes 2-5; leaf-blades 8-12 mm. wide 4. M. oligostachyus 



5B. Awn imperfect, 5-8 mm. long, slightly exserted; racemes 6-10; leaf-blades 1-2 cm. wide, rounded at base. 



5. M. intermedins 

 4B. Spikelets awnless; first glume acute, bidentate; leaf-blades usually glabrous 6. M. tinctorius 



1. Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Benth. Impe- ennial; culms 1-2.5 m. long, stout, smooth; leaf-blades elon- 

 rata sacchariflora Maxim.; 7. eulalioides Miq.; Triarrhena gate, 1.5-3 cm. wide, pale glaucous-green, scabrous on mar- 



sacchariflora (Maxim.) Nakai; M. ogijormis Honda Ogi. gin, pubescent above near base; ligules truncate, to 2 mm. 



Stout, coarse perennial with stout rhizomes; culms 1-2.5 m. long; sheaths smooth; panicles pyramidal, 30-50 cm. long, 



long, glabrous; leaf-blades flat, linear, 40-80 cm. long, 1-3 cm. erect, white, the axis nearly reaching to the summit of the 



wide, acuminate, rather firm, glabrous except at base above, panicle, puberulent-scaberulous, with axillary tufts of hairs; 



very scabrous on margins, glaucescent beneath; ligules very racemes numerous, nearly sessile, branched at base, slender, 



short; sheaths glabrous or the lower coarsely hairy; panicles 10-20 cm. long; spikelets on pedicels of various length, 



large, open, exserted, 25-40 cm. long, rather digitately many- obliquely spreading, lanceolate, 3-3.5 mm. long, acute, with a 



racemed, the central axis densely pubescent at the base; tuft of hairs 4-6 mm. long at base; glumes herbaceous, gla- 



racemes nearly sessile, often branched at base, 20-40 cm. long, brous; awn of fertile lemma 8-10 mm. long. July-Aug. 



slender; spikelets 5-6 mm. long, lanceolate, acuminate; callus- Lowlands; Honshu (s. Kanto, Tokaido Distr. and westw.), 



hairs 10-15 mm. long; glumes lanceolate, herbaceous, pale Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryukyus, Formosa, and the Pacific 



grayish brown, with hyaline margins, sparsely long-hairy, the Islands. 



first 2-keeled; fertile lemma awnless or with a short, included 3. Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. Susuki. Tufted 



awn. Sept.-Oct. Wet places in lowlands; Hokkaido, Hon- stout perennial, with thick, short rhizomes; culms 1-2 m. 



shu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. Manchuria, Ussuri, long; leaves radical and cauline, the blades flat, 1-2 cm. wide, 



Korea, and n. China. much-elongate, pale green beneath, coarsely scabrous on mar- 



2. Miscanthus floridulus (Labill.) Warb. Saccharutn gins, midrib thickened toward base; panicles corymbose, 20-30 

 floridulum Labill.; M. formosanus A. Camus; M. japonicus cm. long, the axis short, less than half as long as the racemes; 

 Anderss. Tokiwa-susuki. Robust, tufted, evergreen per- racemes rather numerous and dense, 15-30 cm. long; spikelets 



