192 



Gramineae 



dorsally, the other pedicelled and sterile but well-developed; first glume coriaceous; sterile lemma hyaline, epaleate; fertile lemma 



oblong, bifid, usually awned from the sinus; palea small or wanting. ^More than 100 species in warmer regions, especially 



abundant in Africa. 



1. Sorghum nitidum (Vahl) Pers. var. majus (Hack.) 

 Ohwi. Andropogon serratus var. genuinus subvar. major 

 Hack.; A. dichroanthus Steud.; S. nitidum var. dichroanthum 

 (Steud.) Ohwi; S. dichroanthum. (Steud.) Ohwi; A. serratus 



Thunb. MoROKosHiGAYA. Tufted perennial; culms 50- 



120 cm. long, with a ring of long white hairs on nodes; leaf- 

 blades flat, linear, 5-10 mm. wide, sometimes loosely involute, 

 glabrous or pilose on upper surface, glaucous beneath; ligules 

 truncate to semirounded, 1-2.5 mm. long; sheaths pilose 

 around mouth and on margin; panicles exserted, 10-20 cm. 

 long, the branches very slender, terete, with a single raceme, 

 2-6 cm. long, short-pilose in axils, the lower falsely verticillate; 



racemes rather numerous, 1-1.5 cm. long, few-jointed, the 

 joints reddish ciliate; pedicelled spikelets staminate, awnless or 

 short-awned, the pedicels similar to and as long as the rachis 

 joints; sessile spikelets broadly lanceolate, brown-pilose, acute, 

 about 5 mm. long; first glume coriaceous, lustrous, dark 

 brown, with a pale green, membranous tip; fertile lemma re- 

 duced to a geniculate awn 2-2.5 cm. long. Aug.-Oct. 



Thickets and open places in lowlands; Honshu (Kii Prov. 



and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. s. Korea, China, and 



Malaysia. The typical phase occurs in warmer parts of Asia 

 and Australia. 



92. BOTHRIOCHLOA O. Kuntze Montsukigaya Zoku 



Perennials or annuals; leaf-blades linear; panicles often corymbose, simple or branched, bearing 1 to many racemes, the joints 

 of racemes few to rather many, with a translucent thin line in the center; spikelets geminate, the pedicelled staminate or neuter, 

 without a fertile lemma, awnless; sessile spikelet bisexual, disarticulating with the joint and pedicel; callus short-hairy; first 

 glume herbaceous to thick-membranous, 2-keeled, the second navicular; sterile lemma hyaline, nerveless, epaleate; fertile lemma 

 small, narrow, with a perfect awn at apex; palea wanting. About 30 species, in warmer regions. 



1. Bothriochloa parviflora (R. Br.) Ohwi. Holcus 

 parviflorus R. Br.; Andropogon micranthus Kunth; Capilli- 



pedium parviflorum (R. Br.) Stapf Hime-abura-susuki. 



Glabrous to hirsute perennial; culms erect, 50-100 cm. long, 

 tufted, often branched at base, with ciliate nodes; leaf-blades 

 flat, linear, 8-30 cm. long, 5-8 mm. wide, scabrous; ligules 

 truncate, less than 1 mm. long; sheaths glabrous, sometimes 

 spreading-hirsute to -villous; panicles exserted, erect, 5-15 cm. 

 long, the branches very slender, divaricately forked, with 

 short white hairs on axils; racemes peduncled, 5-8 mm. long. 



bearing a few reddish brown spikelets, the joints ciliate; 

 pedicelled spikelets lanceolate, staminate, awnless; sessile 

 spikelets lanceolate, acuminate, 2.7-3.2 mm. long, bisexual, 

 flattened, scaberulous; callus with short, white hairs; first 

 glume herbaceous, pale green and purplish, slightly lustrous; 

 fertile lemma reduced to a slender, geniculate awn about 18 

 mm. long. July-Oct. Open places and thickets in low- 

 lands; Honshu (Kan to Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu; 



variable. Ryukyus, Formosa, China, Manchuria, Korea, 



India, Malaysia, and Australia. 



93. ARTHRAXON Beauv. Kobunagusa Zoku 



Low, decumbent annuals or perennials with broad, flat leaf-blades clasping at base, and usually a flabellate panicle; racemes 

 few to rather many, on the short axis of the panicle; rachis slender, many-jointed; spikelets geminate, the pedicelled one staminate 

 or reduced to a mere pedicel, the sessile one bisexual, usually awned, lanceolate; first glume chartaceous, rounded on back, 5- to 

 10-nerved, scabrous, the second keeled, obtuse; sterile lerruna short, hyaline, epaleate; fertile lemma hyaline, nearly entire, 

 rising from base, awnless; palea wanting or minute; stamens 2 or 3. ^About 15 species, in warmer parts of Asia and Africa. 



1. Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino. Phalaris 

 hispida Thunb.; A. ciliaris Beauv.; Pleuroplitis langsdorffii 

 Trin.; A. langsdorffianus (Trin.) Hochst.; A. pauciflorus 

 Honda; A. \obuna Honda Kobunagusa. Culms long- 

 creeping and branched at base, erect to ascending, 20-50 cm. 

 long, slender, leafy, the nodes pilose; leaf -blades flat, narrowly 

 ovate, 2-6 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate, cordate 

 and clasping at base, ciliate, glabrous or pilose on both sur- 

 faces; ligules truncate, lacerate, 1-2 mm. long; sheaths short, 

 ciliate, usually hirsute; inflorescence flabellate, long-exserted, 

 with 3 to 20 racemes, these often branched at base, nearly 

 sessile, 3-5 cm. long; rachis-joints usually glabrous; spikelets 



pale green to purple, lanceolate, acute, the strong nerves 

 aculeate-scaberous; sterile lemma awnless or with a geniculate 



awn; anthers 0.5-1 mm. long. Sept.-Nov. Low mountains 



and lowlands; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; very 



common and variable. e. and tropical Asia. 



Arthraxon lanceolatus (Roxb.) Hochst. Andropogon 

 lanceolatus Roxb.; Andropogon serrulatus (Link) Link; 



Arthraxon serrulatus Link Oni-kobunagusa. Culms ap- 



pressed-pubescent; perfect spikelets aculeolate on both sides, 

 the pedicelled spikelets well developed, staminate, larger than 



the sessile. Once found naturalized in Honshu (near 



Otsu in Omi) . China, Malaysia to India and Africa. 



94. CYMBOPOGON Spreng. Ogarukaya Zoku 



Aromatic perennials, with rather tall, branched culms; racemes geminate, subtended by spathes, aggregate into a compound 

 inflorescence; spikelets geminate, the lowermost pair of one or both racemes sterile or staminate and similar to the pedicelled 

 spikelets above; sessile spikelets bisexual, dorsally compressed; glumes nearly equal, the first flat, faintly nerved, the upper mar- 

 gins keeled; fertile lemma hyaline, 2-lobed, usually with a geniculate awn; palea wanting; pedicelled spikelets awnless; stamens 

 3. About 30 species in tropical and warmer regions. 



