Gramineae 



193 



1. Cymbopogon tortilis (Presl) A. Camus. Anthistiria 

 tortilis Presl; Andropogon hamattitus Nees; C. hamatulus 

 (Nees) A. Camus; C. tortilis var. goeringii (Steud.) Hand.- 

 Mazz.; Andropogon goeringii Steud.; Andropogon nardus 

 subsp. marginatus var. goeringii (Steud.) Hack.; C. goeringii 



(Steud.) A. Camus Ogarukaya. Perennial with short 



rtiizomes; culms tufted, erect, rather firm, 60-100 cm. long, 

 glabrous; leaf-blades flat, linear, 15^0 cm. long, 3-5 mm. 

 wide, with slighdy recurved margins; ligules deltoid, 1-3 mm. 

 long, glabrous, obtuse to rounded; culm-sheaths rather short; 



ififlorescence compound, narrow, cylindric, interrupted, erect, 

 20-40 cm. long, the branches rather short, the spathes 1-2 cm. 

 long; racemes geminate, scarcely exserted from the spathe, 

 spreading or reflexed, 15-20 mm. long, pale green to dull 

 purplish; pedicelled spikelets broadly lanceolate, 4-6 mm. 

 long, staminate, awnless; fertile spikelets broadly lanceolate, 



5-6 mm. long, with an awn about 10 mm. long. Aug.-Nov. 



Open places in hills; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Formosa, 



Philippines, Indochina, China, and Manchuria. 



95. ANDROPOGON L. Ushi-kusa Zoku 



Annuals or perennials; leaf-blades linear; racemes 1 to few, digitate, spathed at base, forming a racemose or corymbose in- 

 florescence; spikelets geminate, the pedicelled staminate or much reduced, the sessile bisexual, usually awned; callus-hairs short; 

 first glume coriaceous or chartaceous, prominendy inflexed on margins, 2-keeled, flat or grooved on back, the second navicular, 

 often awn-pointed; sterile lemma hyaline, 2-nerved; fertile lemma usually bifid and awned from the sinus, hyaline; palea small 

 or wanting. With about 150 species, widespread in warm-temperate to tropical regions. 



1. Andropogon brevifolius Sw. Schizachyrittm brevi- 



jolium (Sw.) Nees Ushi-kusa. Slender, erect annual; 



culms 10-40 cm. long, glabrous, branched above and near 

 base; leaf-blades soft, thin, flat, broadly linear or linear-oblong, 

 2-4 cm. long, 2-5 mm. wide, abruptly acute, nearly glabrous, 

 rounded at base; ligules very short; sheaths compressed and 

 keeled, glabrous, short; racemes simple, peduncled, terminal 

 and axillary from upper culm-nodes, scarcely exserted from 



the sheathed spathe, linear, 1-2 cm. long, the joints thickened 

 gradually toward tlie apex; pedicels slender; sessile spikelets 

 lanceolate, about 3 mm. long, the first glume lanceolate; fertile 

 lemma hyaline, bifid, awned from the sinus, the awn perfect, 

 about 8 mm. long, delicate, geniculate, the pedicellate spikelet 

 reduced to an awn about 3 mm. long. — —Aug.-Nov. Wet 



places; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. Widespread 



in warm-temperate to tropical regions. 



96. THEMEDA Forsk. Megarukaya Zoku 



Rather large annuals or perennials with culms usually branching above; racemes solitary on upper branches, short, spathed at 

 base; spikelets geminate, the lower 2 pairs alike, staminate or neuter, forming an involucre, sessile or nearly so, subtending the 

 upper spikelets, one of the other pairs of spikelets bisexual, sessile, terete, awned; callus acute, villous; first glume coriaceous, 

 involute, the second keeled, with a groove on each side; sterile lemma hyaline, nerveless; fertile lemma small, with a long, thick 

 apical awn; palea minute or absent; involucral spikelets flattened dorsally, awnless; first glume herbaceous, 2-keeled; fertile 



lemma with its palea sometimes wanting; pedicelled spikelet similar to the involucral ones but smaller and narrower. About 



10 species, in warm-temperate to tropical regions. 



1. Themeda japonica (Willd.) C. Tanaka. Anthistiria 

 japonica Willd.; Themeda jorsk^alii var. major subvar. japonica 

 (M'illd.) Hack.; T. triandra var. japonica (Willd.) Makino 



Megarukaya. Culms ttifted from short rhizomes, 



erect, 70-100 cm. long, glabrous; leaves radical and cauline, 

 the blades flat with recurved margins, 30-50 cm. long, 3-8 

 mm. wide, scabrous, glaucous beneath, with long hairs near 

 base; ligules hyaline, truncate, lacerate, 1-3 mm. long; sheaths 

 slightly compressed, usually with spreading, coarse hairs; in- 

 florescence a false panicle, 20-40 cm. long, leafy; racemes soli- 

 tary, spathed at base; spikelets of the lower 2 pairs alike, stami- 



nate, the first glume herbaceous, oblanceolate, 8-10 mm. long, 

 obtuse, sparsely long-hairy on back; sessile spikelet bisexual, 

 fusiform-cylindric, 8-10 mm. long inclusive of the rigid, 

 oblique callus densely beset with rusty-brown bristly hairs 2-4 

 mm. long, the first glume coriaceous, convolute, obtuse, with 

 ascending, rigid, short hairs on upper portion, the second 

 glume as long as the first; awn of fertile lemma perfect, thick, 



geniculate, about 5 cm. long, with short, soft hairs. Sept.- 



Oct. Low mountains and lowlands; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- 

 shu; common. Korea, Manchuria, China, and India. 



97. ISCHAEMUM L. 



Kamo-no-hashi Zoku 



Branched annuals or perennials; leaf-blades flat, lanceolate; racemes 2(-10), fasciculate at summit of branches, sessile; rachis 

 thickened, 3-angled, flat or slightly concave on the face, the joints disarticulating with the sessile spikelet; spikelets geminate, 

 alike or nearly so; pedicellate spikelet bisexual, staminate or neuter, the sessile spikelet bisexual; first glume coriaceous, 2-kceled 

 with inflexed margins, flat or convex on face, the second navicular; sterile lemma membranous or thinly herbaceous, paleate and 



staminate; fertile lemma bifid, usually awned from die sinus; palea hyaUne; stamens 3. About 50 species, in warm-temperate 



to tropical regions, abimdant in s. Asia. 



lA. Culm-nodes glabrous; leaf-blades glabrous or with spreading hairs; spikelets broadly lanceolate to narrowly obovate, narrowly winged. 



I. /. aristaliim 

 IB. Culm-nodes ciliatc; leaf-blades usually appressed-pubescent; spikelets obovate to broadly so, usually broadly winged, commonly long- 

 hairy on the face 2. /. anthephoroides 



