Gramineae; Cyperaceae 195 



glume 5-8 mm. long inclusive of the basal callus, lanceolate to Kyushu; common. Korea, China, Manchuria, Ussuri, and e. 



broadly so, gradually narrowed from base to the obtuse apex. Siberia. 

 July-Sept. Wet places in lowlands; Honshu, Shikoku, 



100. COIX L. JuzudamaZoku 



Tall, stout annual or perennial; culms branched; leaf -blades rather broad, flat; inflorescences numerous, on long peduncles 

 clustered in the axils of the upper leaves, monoecious, the pistillate enclosed in a globose to ovoid, bead-like involucral bract from 

 which protrudes a staminate raceme; pistillate spikelets 3 together, 1 fertile, 2 reduced and sterile, the first glume broad, many- 

 nerved, the second keeled; fertile lemma and palea hyaline; staminate spikelets geminate or in 3's, 2-flowered, lanceolate, the 

 first glume herbaceous, with a narrow wing on each side, many-nerved, the stamens 3. Few species, in tropical Asia. 



1. CoL\ lacryma-jobi L. Juzudama. Perennial; culms Var. mayuen (Romain) Stapf. C. mayuen Romain 



tufted, branched at base, about 1 m. long, rather thick; leaf- Hato-mugi. Similar to the typical phase but annual, the 



blades 30-60 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide; involucral bracts ovate, inflorescence often drooping and with broader bracteal leaves; 



hard, lustrous, about 1 cm. long; first glume of staminate involucral bracts crustaceous, elliptical or oblong. Fre- 



spikelets herbaceous, oblong, obtuse, pale green. Frequently quently cultivated in our area, possibly native of Indochina or 



cultivated and sometimes naturalized in our area. China. 



Fam. 42. CYPERACEAE Kayatsuri-gusa Ka Sedge Family 



Grasslike or rushlike herbs; culms usually triquetrous, solid; leaves with a closed sheath at base, linear, more or less scabrous; 

 flowers in spikelets, hermaphroditic or unisexual, sessile, solitary, subtended by few to many spirally imbricate or distichous 

 bracts or scales (squamae); periandi wanting or represented by hypogynous bristies or rarely by scales; stamens 1-6, usually 3; 

 anthers basifixed, 2-locular, the filaments distinct; ovary 1-locular; style 2- to 3(-4)-fid; ovule I, anatropous; fruit a small achene, 



lenticular or trigonous in transverse section; seeds witli abundant mealy or fleshy endosperm. Cosmopolitan with about /O 



genera, and about 3,500 species. 



lA. Flowers bisexual or sometimes unisexual, not inclosed in a perigynium. 

 2A. Spikelets many-flowered; flowers always bisexual. 



3A. Scales distichous; spikelct flat; perianth wanting; style-base continuous with the achene 1. Cypcrus 



3B. Scales spirally arranged, except in some species of Fimbristylis. 

 4A. Style-base not swollen, gradually passing into the achene. 



5A. Perianth-segments 0-6, bristle-shaped, petaloid, or membranous. 



6A. Perianth-segments or at least some of them broadly dilated, petaloid or membranous. 



7A. Perianth-segments 2; plants usually glabrous 2. Lipocarpha 



7B. Perianth-segments 6; plants hairy 3. Fuirena 



6B. Perianth-segments bristle-shaped, rarely wanting 4. Scirpus 



53. Periandi of numerous silky bristles, much-elongate after anthesis 5. Eriophorum 



43. Style-base bulbously thickened, distinct from the achene. 



8A. Perianth wanting; blade of leaves elongate; spikelets 1 to numerous. 



9A. Style-base deciduous from the achene 6. Fimbristylis 



9B. Style-base more or less persistent on the achene 7. Bulbostylis 



8B. Perianth of bristles, rarely wanting; achene crowned by a persistent style-base; leaves bladeless; spikelet solitary, terminal. 



8. Eleocharis 

 2B. Spikelets few-flowered; flowers bisexual or unisexual. 

 lOA. Flowers or most of them bisexual. 



11 A. Spikelets fertile, except the uppermost. 



12A. Style 3-fid; achenes trigonous; scales distichous. 



13 A. Achene not crowned with a style-base 9. Schoenus 



133. Achene crowned with the persistent style-base 10. Carpha 



12B. Style 2-fid or scarcely divided; achenes lenticular; scales spirally imbricate 11. Rhynchospora 



113. Lower flowers of the spikelet sterile; style of fertile flowers 3-fid; achene trigonous. 



HA. Leaves dorsiventrally flattened; inflorescence corymbose, flat or convex; achenes somewhat drupclike, beakless. . 12. Claditim 



143. Leaves bilaterally compressed or terete; inflorescence a slender panicle; achenes coriaceous, beaked 13. Machaerina 



lOB. Flowers always unisexual; spikelets often androgynous (i.e., the upper part staminate, the lower pistillate). 



ISA. Inflorescence paniculate or globose, composed of rather small spikelets; achene falling separately from the scales 14. ScUria 



15B. Inflorescence glomerate, subsessile, composed of very small spikelets; achene falling with the 2 surrounding scales. 



15. Diplacrum 

 IB. Flowers unisexual, the pistillate enclosed in a perigynium (prophyllum). 



16A. Achene surrounded by a perigynium, open on one side at least above the middle 16. Kobresia 



163. Achene inclosed in a perigynium, open only at the tip 17. Carex 



1. CYPERUS L. Kayatsuri-gusa Zoku 



Annuals or perennials; culms erect, leafy only at base; leaves usually elongate, sometimes bladeless, sheathing at base; in- 

 florescence simple or compound, umbelliform or capitate, with few to numerous spikelets, usually subtended by 1 to several 



