Cyperaceae 



197 



brownish; stigmas 2, rarely 3. Aug.-Oct. Marshy places; 



Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea, Manchuria, 



Formosa, China, India, and Europe. 



2. Cyperus diaphanus Schrad. C. setijormis Korsh.; 

 Pycreus setijormis (Korsh.) Nakai; P. gratissimus Kitag.; C. 



latespicatus var. setijormis (Korsh.) T. Koyama Tachi-gaya- 



TSURI, HiTORi-GAYATSURi. Somewhat resembling No. 3; 

 culms 10-30 cm. long; leaves very slender, 1-1.5 mm. wide; 

 inflorescence of 1 or 2 sessile spikes bearing several spikelets; 

 spikelets oblong, mosdy flattened, 8-15 mm. long, pale to 

 pardy sanguineous; scales narrow-ovate, about 3 mm. long, 

 obtuse, entire, 3-nerved; achenes 1/3 as long as the scale, 

 obovate-orbicular, biconvex, dark brown; stigmas 2. Aug.- 

 Oct. Honshu (Aomori) ; rare. Bonin Isls., Korea, Man- 

 churia, Amur, centr. Asia, India, and Malaysia. 



3. Cyperus sanguinolentus Vahl. C. eragrostis Vahl 

 non Lam.; Pycreus sanguinolentus (Vahl) Nees; P. eragrostis 



(Vahl) Palla; P. rubromarginatus E. G. Camus Kawara- 



suGANA. Culms tufted, 10-40 cm. long, decumbent at base; 

 leaves 1-3 mm. wide; inflorescence corymbiform (often a 

 head in forma nipponicus T. Koyama) ; bracts 2 or 3, much 

 longer than the inflorescence; spikelets spicate, divergent, com- 

 pressed, narrowly oblong, 1-2 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 mm. wide, 

 (rarely to 4 mm. wide in forma spectabilis (Makino) Ohwi), 

 sanguineous; scales broadly ovate, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, obtuse, 

 entire; achenes 2/5-1/2 as long as the scale, biconvex, dark 



brown, broadly obovate; stigmas 2. July-Oct. Wet places; 



Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. Warmer 



parts of the E. Hemisphere. 



4. C>'perus unioloides R. Br. C. angtilatus Nees; 



Pycreus angulatus (Nees) Nees; C. tosaensis Makino 



MuGiGARA-GAYATsuRi. Culms 30-80 Cm. long, slender, stiff; 

 leaves 2-3 mm. wide; corymbs simple, with to 4 rays, to 8 

 cm. long; bracts 2 or 3, the lowest one much exceeding the 

 inflorescence; spikelets compressed, 1-2.5 cm. long, 4-5 mm. 

 wide, broadly lanceolate, acute, divergent, pale green to yel- 

 lowish brown; scales narrowly ovate, 3.5-5 mm. long, acute; 

 achenes to 1.5 mm. long, inflated-biconvex, nearly orbicular, 



dark brown; stigmas 2. July-Oct. Shikoku, Kyushu. 



Pantropic. 



5. Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. Pycreus polystachyos 



(Rottb.) Beauv. Iga-gayatsuri. Rhizomes very short; 



culms tufted, 10-50 cm. long, obtusely 3-angled, stiff: leaves 

 1-3 mm. wide; inflorescence simple, corymbose or capitate; 

 bracts 3 to 5, much longer than the inflorescence; rays of in- 

 florescence to 7 cm. long; spikelets fascicled, nearly erect, 

 linear, laterally compressed, 1-2.5 cm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, 

 usually somewhat reddish; scales nearly erect, narrowly ovate, 

 1.5-2 mm. long, rather obtuse; achenes half as long as the 

 scale, narrowly obovate, compressed-biconvex, brown, some- 

 what truncate at apex; stigmas 3, rarely 2. Aug.-Oct. 



Sandy places near seashores; Honshu (Kanto Distr. and 



wesrw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Widespread in warmer parts 



of the world. 



6. Cyperus globosus All. C. -flavidus Retz.; Pycreus 

 globosus (All.) Reichcnb.; C. nilagiricus Hochst. ex Steud.; 

 C. globosus var. nilagiricus (Steud.) C. B. Clarke; C. juscoater 



Meinsh. Aze-gayatsuri. Culms slender, obtusely angled, 



smooth, 10-50 cm. long; leaves 1-2 mm. wide; corymbs sim- 

 ple, with 1-5 rays to 8 cm. long; bracts 2 to 4, the lower ones 

 longer than the inflorescence; spikelets linear, 1-2.5 cm. long, 

 2-2.5 mm. wide, yellowish brown, strongly compressed; 



scales narrowly ovate, 1.5-2 mm. long, obtuse, entire; achenes 

 1/3-2/5 as long as the scale, biconvex, dark brown, obovate; 

 stigmas 2. Aug.-Oct. Wet places; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- 

 shu; common. Korea, Manchuria, China, Formosa, Ma- 

 laysia, India, Australia, s. Europe, and tropical Africa. 



7. Cyperus brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk. var. brevifolius. 

 Kyllinga brevijolia Rottb.; K. intermedia var. oUgostachya 



C. B. Clarke Aida-kugd, TArwAN-HiME-Kucu. Rhizomes 



elongate-creeping; culms soHtary, erect, rather soft, 7-30 cm. 

 long; leaves soft, 2-3 mm. wide; head solitary (very rarely 2 

 or 3), globose or ovoid-globose, sessile, 5-10 mm. long, pale 

 green; bracts 3, leaflike, elongate; spikelets numerous, jointed 

 at base, densely disposed, broadly lanceolate, 3-3.5 mm. long, 

 compressed, 1-flowered, acute; scales membranous, pale green 

 or with reddish brown flecks, the keel spinulose or sometimes 

 smooth, the apex prolonged to a slightly recurved mucro; 

 achenes half as long as the scale, obovate, brownish, laterally 

 compressed; stigmas 2. July-Oct. Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- 

 shu. Ryukyus, Formosa, China, and other warmer regions. 



Var. leiolepis (Fr. & Sav.) T. Koyama. Kyllinga mono- 

 cephala var. leiolepis Fr. & Sav.; K. gracillima Miq.; K. brevi- 

 jolia var. gracillima (Miq.) Kuekenth.; C. brevijolius var. 

 gracillimus (Miq.) Kuekenth.; K. brevijolia var. leiolepis (Fr. 



& Sav.) Hara Hime-kugu. Spikelets slightly broader 



than in the typical phase, oblong, distincdy turgid, rather 

 obtuse, lustrous, the keel of scale smooth, the mucro not re- 

 curved.— — July-Oct. Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 

 Korea and China. 



8. Cyperus cyperoides (L.) O. Kuntze. Scirpus cyper- 

 oides L.; Mariscus sieberianus Nees; C. sieberianus (Nees) K. 

 Schum.; C. umbellatus sensu Miq., non alior.; M. cyperintis 

 sensu auct. Japon., non Vahl Inu-kugu, Kugu. Rhi- 

 zomes hard, abbreviated; culms 30-80 cm. long, thickened at 

 base; leaves 3-6 mm. wide; inflorescence umbelliform or capi- 

 tate, simple, with 5 to 15 rays to 8 cm. long; bracts 4 or 5, 

 leaflike, longer than the inflorescence; spikes cylindrical; spike- 

 lets spreading, linear-lanceolate, terete or obscurely 3-angled, 

 4-5 mm. long, pale green, in part slightly yellowish, acumi- 

 nate, 0.5-0.7 mm. wide, 1- or 2-flovvered; scales erect, narrowly 

 oblong, about 3 mm. long, involute, obtuse; achenes 2/3 as 

 long as the scale, narrowly oblong, obtusely 3-angled; stigmas 



3. Aug.-Oct. Honshu (Izu Isls., s. Kinki, Chiigoku 



Distr.). s. Korea, China, Ryukyus, Formosa, Malaysia, 



India, Australia, and Africa. 



9. Cyperus odoratus L. C. jerax L. C. Rich.; Maricus 

 jerax (L. C. Rich.) C. B. Clarke; Torulinium conjertum 

 Hamilt.; T. jerax (L. C. Rich.) Urban; C. speciosus Makino, 



non Vahl Kin-gayatsuri, Mutsuore-gayatsuri. Culms 



(10-) 20-60 cm. long, stout, slighdy thickened at base; leaves 

 5-10 mm. wide; corymbs frcquendy compound, large, with 5 

 to 10 stiff rays to 15 cm. long, the bracts 5-8, the lower much 

 longer than the inflorescence; spikelets spreading, linear, terete, 

 1-1.5 cm. long, 1-1.2 mm. thick, more or less flexuous, 5- to 

 I6-flowered, the rachilla thick; scales loosely arranged, ap- 

 pressed, 3 mm. long, elliptic, obtuse, nearly keelless, pardy 

 yellowish; achenes half as long as the scale, narrowly obovate, 

 3-angled, slighdy compressed, brownish; stigmas 3. Hon- 

 shu (Awa) ; rare. Ryukyus, Formosa, Indochina, and Ma- 

 laysia and the Tropics generally. 



10. Cyperus pilosus Vahl. C. subulatus Steud.; C. 



piptolepis Steud.; C. marginellus Nees Oni-cayatsuri. 



Somewhat resembling No. I, but rhizomes slender, elongate. 



