198 



Cyperaceae 



without a terminal tuber, the spikelets more numerous and 

 dense; culms stout, 30-80 cm. long, scabrous above; leaves 5- 

 10 mm. wide; spikelets linear, 7-20 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, 

 often somewhat reddish brown, scales broadly ovate, about 2 

 mm. long, acute, 2-nerved on both sides; achenes 3/5 as long 

 as the scale, broadly ellipsoidal, 3-angled, brownish, the faces 

 slightly concave; stigmas 3. July-Oct. Wet places; Hon- 

 shu (centr. distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryukyus, 



Formosa, China, Malaysia, India, N. Australia, and tropical 

 West Africa. 



11. Cyperus rotundus L. var. rotundus. C. laevissimus 



Steud. Hama-suge. Rhizomes long and slender, firm; 



culms slender, 20-40 cm. long, smooth, the base bulbously en- 

 larged and covered with brown fibers; leaves 2-6 mm. wide; 

 corymbs simple or compound, with 1-7 rays, to 10 cm. across; 

 the bracts 1 or 2, as long as or slightly longer than the inflores- 

 cence; spikelets spreading, 1.5-3 cm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide, 

 lustrous, sanguineous, loosely 20- to 40-flowered; scales nar- 

 rowly ovate, ascending, 3-3.5 mm. long, somewhat obtuse; 

 achenes 2/5 as long as the scale, oblong, compressed-triangular, 



dark brown; stigmas 3. July-Oct. Abundant in sandy 



places; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. ^Widely distributed in 



tropical and warm-temperate regions of both hemispheres. 



Var. yoshinagae (Ohwi) Ohwi. C. yoshinagae Ohwi 



TosA-No-HAMA-suGE. Spikelets lanceolate, short, 2.5 mm. 

 wide; scales somewhat densely arranged. Shikoku; rare. 



12. Cyperus monophyllus Vahl. C. tegetijormis sensu 

 auct. Japon., non Roxb.; C. malaccensis var. brevif alius 

 Boecklr. Shichit6-i, Ryukyu-i. Rhizomes stout, long- 

 creeping; culms 1-1.5 m. long, 3-angled, 2.5-4 mm. thick 

 above, naked, with 2 or 3 bladeless or short-bladed sheaths at 

 base; corymbs usually compound, with 5-10 rays to 7 cm. long, 

 the bracts 2-4, leaflike, usually shorter than the inflorescence, 

 to 7 cm. long; spikelets linear, hardly compressed, 1-3 cm. 

 long, 1-1.5 mm. thick, light ferruginous, loosely 20- to 40- 

 flowered; scales oblong, 2-2.5 mm. long, very obtuse, nearly 

 erect, not keeled; achenes slightly shorter than the scale, com- 

 pressed-trigonous, linear-oblong; stigmas 3. Aug.-Oct. Oc- 

 casionally cultivated, also wild in the warmer parts; Honshu, 

 Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryukyus, Formosa, China, and Indo- 

 china. 



13. Cyperus ohwii Kuekenth. Tsukushi-o-gayatsuri. 

 Coarse herb; rhizomes thick, short; culms stout, 1-1.5 m. long, 

 thickened at base; leaves 10-15 mm. wide; corymbs large, 10- 

 20 cm. long and as broad, compound to decompound with 

 erect to spreading rays to 7 cm. long, the bracts 3-5, leaflike, 

 much longer than the inflorescence; spikes cylindrical, bearing 

 numerous densely arranged spikelets; spikelets obliquely 

 spreading, 4-6 mm. long, slightly compressed, light yellowish; 

 scales elliptic, about 2 mm. long, acute; achenes % as long as 



the scale, grayish brown, concave-convex; stigmas 3. Sept.- 



Oct. Kyushu (Fukuoka Park) . Indochina and Malaysia. 



14. Cyperus exaltatus Retz. var. iwasakii (Makino) T. 

 Koyama. C. iwasakii Makino; C. exaltatus sensu auct. Japon., 



non Retz.; C. tokjensis C. B. Clarke Kan'en-gayatsuri. 



Culms loosely tufted, stout, 80-120 cm. long; leaves 8-15 mm. 

 wide; corymbs large, decompound, 10-30 cm. long and as 

 broad, with 5-10 stiff rays to 20 cm. long, the bracts 4 or 5, 

 leaflike, much longer than the corymb; spikes 10-15 mm. thick, 

 cylindric, very dense with numerous spikelets; spikelets 

 spreading, 5-10 mm. long, flattened, often yellowish brown in 

 front; scales ovate, 1.7-2 mm. long, die keel green, ending in 



a recurved awnlike mucro; achenes half as long as the scale, 



elliptic, stramineous; stigmas 3. Sept.-Oct. Swamps and 



shallow ponds in lowlands; Honshu (Hitachi and Tokyo). 

 Korea. The typical phase occurs in se. Asia. 



15. Cyperus glomeratus L. Chlorocyperus glomeratus 



(L.) Palla Numa-gayatsuri. Annual or sometimes a 



short-lived perennial; culms loosely tufted, 20-70 cm. long; 

 leaves 2-8 mm. wide; corymbs rather large, simple or com- 

 pound, 3-10 cm. long, with 3-5 rays to 10 cm. long, the bracts 

 3 or 4, leaflike, much exceeding the inflorescence; spikes ob- 

 long-cylindric, very dense, with numerous spikelets; spikelets 

 ascending to nearly erect, linear, compressed, 5-10 mm. long, 

 1.5 mm. wide, ferrugineous; scales narrowly oblong, slightly 

 obtuse, somewhat acutely keeled; achenes half as long as the 

 scale, narrowly oblong, 3-angled, slightly compressed, grayish 



brown; stigmas 3. Swampy places; Honshu (Kanto and 



Yechigo Distr.) Korea, China, Amur, Manchuria, Ussuri, 



India, and Europe. 



16. Cyperus orthostachyus Fr. & Sav. C. truncatus 

 Turcz., non L. C. Rich.; C. fimbriatus sensu Miq., non Nees; 



C. truncatus var. orthostachyus (Fr. & Sav.) C. B. Clarke 



UsHi-KUGU. Annual; culms tufted, soft, 20-70 cm. long; 

 leaves soft, 2-6 mm. wide; corymbs large, compound, 5-20 

 cm. long, with 5-7 oblique, spreading to ascending rays to 20 

 cm. long, the bracts 3-5, the lowest one longer than the in- 

 florescence; spikelets linear, slightly compressed, 5-10 mm. 

 long, 1.5 mm. wide, dark reddish purple; scales broadly ellip- 

 tic, 1.2 mm. long, rounded-truncate, entire; achenes slightly 

 shorter than the scale, obovate, 3-angled, dark brown; stigmas 



3. Aug.-Oct. Wet places; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, 



Kyushu; common. Korea, China, Manchuria, Ussuri, and 



Dahuria. 



17. Cyperus iria L. C. panicijormis Fr. & Sav.; C. iria 



var. panicijormis (Fr. & Sav.) C. B. Clarke Kogome-gaya- 



TsuRi. Annual; culms loosely tufted, 20-60 cm. long; leaves 

 2-6 mm. wide; corymbs simple or compound, to 15 cm. long, 

 with 3-5 rays, the bracts 4 or 5, the lower 2 or 3 longer than 

 the inflorescence; spikelets spreading or ascending, numerous, 

 densely 10- to 30-flowered, linear, 5-10 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. 

 wide, compressed, yellowish; scales broadly obovate, 1-1.5 mm. 

 long, emarginate and minutely mucronate, the midrib green; 

 achenes slightly shorter than the scale, obovate, 3-angled, 



brownish; stigmas 3. Cultivated fields and wastelands; 



Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. Ryukyus, Formosa, 



Korea, China, Indochina, Malaysia, India, Africa, and Aus- 

 tralia. 



18. Cyperus microiria Steud. C. textori Miq.; C. iria 

 var. microiria (Steud.) Fr. & Sav.; C. japonicus Makino, non 

 Miq.; C. amuricus var. textori (Miq.) Kuekenth.; C. amuricus 

 var. japonicus Kuekenth., excl. basionym; Chlorocyperus jran- 



chettii Palla Kayatsurigusa, Ki-gayatsuri. Annual, 



somewhat resembling No. 17; leaves 2-5 mm. wide; spikelets 

 linear, 7-12 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, yellowish, often slightly 

 reddish brown; scales 1.5 mm. long, rounded at apex with the 

 green excurrent midrib ending in a distinct erect mucro; 

 achenes slightly shorter than the scale; stigmas 3. Aug.- 

 Oct. Waste grounds and cultivated fields; Honshu, Shikoku, 

 Kyushu; very common. Korea, Manchuria, and China. 



19. Cyperus amuricus Maxim. C. amuricus var. japoni- 

 cus Miq.; C. \rameri Fr. & Sav.; C. textori var. laxa Fr. & Sav.; 

 C. pterygorrhachis C. B. Clarke ex Lev.; C. amuricus var. 

 pterygorrhachis (C. B. Clarke) Ohwi Cha-gayatsuri. An- 



