200 Cyperaceae 



20 cm. long; leaves 1-2 mm. wide; inflorescence capitate, tip, the mucro extremely short, erect or nearly so, smooth or 



globular, 5-15 mm. in diameter, the bracts 3-6, 4-10 cm. long; bearing a few papillose processes; achenes 3/5-1/2 as long as 



spikelets numerous, dense, 3-5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, some- the scale, narrowly ovate-oblong, unequally biconvex, acutely 



what compressed; scales spirally arranged or inconspicuously angled and narrowly winged. Aug.-Oct. Hokkaido, Hon- 



2-ranked, broadly lanceolate, 1.5 mm. long, hyaline, slenderly shu (Kinki Distr. and eastw.) ^Korea. 



3- to 5-nerved, scarcely keeled, very acute and mucronate at 



2. LIPOCARPHA R. Br. Hinji-gayatsuri Zoku 



Annuals or perennials; culms leafy only at base; leaves elongate, linear; spikelets several, many flowered, in a headlike cluster; 

 inflorescence terminal, subtended by leaflike bracts; flowers bisexual; scales spirally imbricate; perianth-segments (or prophylla) 

 2, hyaline, one of them placed between the scales of the spikelet and the achene, the other between the achene and the axis 

 (rachilla) of the spikelet; stamens 1 or 2; style continuous with the ovary, scarcely enlarged at base, deciduous; stigmas 2 or 3; 



achenes narrowly oblong, beakless, surrounded by the perianth-segments. About 15 species, in tropical to warm-temperate 



regions. 



1. Lipocarpha microcephala (R. Br.) Kunth. Hypae- globular, obtuse, 3-5 mm. long, sessile; scales numerous, 



lyptum microcephalum R. Br.; L. zollingeriana Boecklr.; Cy- broadly oblanceolate, 1-1.3 mm. long, pale green, sometimes 



perus zollingerianus (Boecklr.) T. Koyama; holepis squarrosa brown-flecked, with an apical recurved short awn-like mucro; 



sensu Miq., non Roem. & Schult. Hinji-gayatsuri. Flac- achenes 1 mm. long, lanceolate, obtusely angled, light yellow, 



cid green annual; culms tufted, erect, obtusely 3-angled, covered by 2 hyaline scales; stigmas 3. Aug.-Oct. Wet 



smooth; leaves 1-2 mm. wide, often filiform; head solitary, places and waste grounds in lowlands; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- 



small, 5-8 mm. across, deltoid, usually composed of 3 spikelets, shu. Korea, Manchuria, China, Formosa, India, Malaysia, 



the bracts 2, divergent to reflexed, leaflike; spikelets ovoid- and Australia. 



3. FUIRENA Rottb. Kuro-tama-gayatsuri Zoku 



Hairy annuals or perennials; culms nodose; leaves slender, flat; inflorescences terminal and lateral, short-peduncled; spikelets 

 hairy; flowers bisexual; scales spirally imbricate; perianth of 3 stipitate, cordate or elliptic scales with as many alternating short 

 bristles; stamens 3; style continuous with the ovary, scarcely thickened at base, deciduous; stigmas 3; achenes 3-angled, beakless. 

 About 30 species, in tropical and subtropical regions of the E. and W. Hemispheres, one in our area. 



1. Fuirena ciliaris (L.) Roxb. Scirpus ciliaris L.; F. 3-angled, obovate-orbicular, about 0.7 mm. long, light brown, 



glomerata Lam. Kuro-tama-gayatsuri. Annual; culms mucronate; perianth-segments 6, the inner 3 nearly as long as 



10-40 cm. long, with 2 or 3 nodes; leaves flat, short-linear, the achene, squarrose, long-stiped, glabrous, the outer 3 



5-15 cm. long, 3-7 mm. wide, flaccid, short-pointed, the ligule bristle-shaped, very short. Wet places and paddy fields; 



ferrugineous, 1-2 mm. long; inflorescences 1-2; spikelets 3-10, Honshu (Shimosa Prov. and Chugoku Distr.), Shikoku, Kyu- 

 oblong, 4-7 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, dark gray-green; scales shu. s. Korea, Ryukyus, Formosa, China, India, and Ma- 

 elliptic, 1.5 mm. long, loosely pilose, grayish, hyaline, rounded laysia. 

 at apex, the awn about 1 mm. long, recurved; achenes acutely 



4. SCIRPUS L. HoTARu-i Zoku 



Perennials, rarely annuals, usually glabrous, sometimes small, sometimes stout; culms naked or with a few nodes; leaves linear, 

 sometimes reduced to a truncate sheath; inflorescence terminal or pseudolateral, headlike, corymbose, or somewhat umbelliform, 

 subtended by 1-several bracts, sometimes consisting of a solitary spikelet; spikelets usually many-flowered; flowers bisexual; scales 

 spirally arranged (or all except the lowest) 1-flowered; perianth of 0-8 usually scabrous bristles or rarely of flat, smooth, elongated 

 fibers; stamens 1-3; style continuous with the ovary, not enlarged at base, deciduous; stigmas 2 or 3; achenes obovate, lenticular 

 or 3-angled. Cosmopolitan, with about 200 species. 



lA. Inflorescence terminal; bracts several or none, sometimes 1. 

 2A. Bracts none or 1, scalelike; spikelet solitary, terminal. 

 3A. Leaves bladeless or nearly so. 



4A. Culms nearly terete, smooth; basal sheaths coriaceous, lustrous; perianth-segments of bristles, hardly exceeding the achene. 



1. S. caespitosus 

 4B. Culms sharply 3-angled, scabrous on the angles; basal sheaths hyaline, dull; perianth-segments filiform, silky, elongate after 



anthesis, much exceeding the achene, to 2 cm. long 2. S. hudsonianus 



3B. Leaves, at least some of them, with elongate blades 3. S. pseudofiuitans 



2B. Bracts several, flat, leaflike; culms more or less leafy, tall, stout; leaves linear. 

 5A. Spikelets several to numerous, small; achenes 0.7—1.3 mm. long. 

 6A. Stigmas 3; achenes compressed-triangular to trigonal. 



7A. Culms slenderly striate, distinctly 3-angled above, often scabrous on the angles; leaf-sheaths loosely surrounding the culm; 

 spikelets dark gray. 

 8A. Culms 50-120 cm. long; cauline leaves at least 20 cm. long; scales less than 2 mm. long. 

 9A. Spikelets 5-7 mm. long, solitary or few together; bristles frequently prominently flexuous. 



