202 



Cyperaceae 



elongate, leafy; leaves smooth, thick, linear, 5-10 cm. long, 

 1-2 mm. wide; fertile culms leafless except at base, 5-15 cm. 

 tall; spikelet solitary, terminal, oblong, more or less acute, 5-7 

 mm. long, bractless, many-flowered, pale green; scales ovate, 

 4-4.5 mm. long, obtuse; achenes narrowly obovate, 1.5 mm. 

 long, planoconvex; brisdes wanting; stamens 3, the anthers 



linear. Rare, in streams and around springs; Honshu 



(IwakiProv.). 



4. Scirpus sylvaticus L. var. maximowiczii Regel. 5. 



orientalis Ohwi Kuro-aburagaya, Yama-aburagaya. 



Short-rhizomatous; culms 80-120 cm. long, 6- to 8-noded, ob- 

 tusely 3-angled at base, acutely angled above, scabrous on the 

 angles below the inflorescence; cauline leaves flat, linear, 20-40 

 cm. long, 5-10 mm. wide, long-acuminate, the sheaths loosely 

 surrounding the culm, 5-10 cm. long; inflorescence a solitary, 

 terminal, large, compound umbelliform panicle subtended by 

 2-5 leaflike bracts much exceeding the inflorescence, the rays 

 numerous, the longer ones to 15 cm. long, scabrous above; 

 spikelets solitary or in 3's, numerous, dark gray, narrowly 

 ovoid, 4-7 mm. long; achenes 1 mm. long, pale; bristles 5-6, 



slighdy longer than the achene, retrorsely scabrous. July- 



Aug. Swampy places in woods; Hokkaido, Honshu (n. and 



centr. distr. especially in mountains) Korea, Sakhalin, 



Manchuria, and Ussuri. The typical phase occurs in Europe. 



5. Scirpus radicans Schk. S. hol(kaidoends Beetle; S. 



sylvaticus var. radicans (Schk.) Willd. Tsuru-aburagaya, 



Ke-nashi-aburagaya. Culms 1-1.5 m. long, with 7-10 

 nodes; leaves 7-10 mm. wide, 20-35 cm. long; inflorescence 

 10-20 cm. long and as broad, the rays and branchlets glabrous ; 

 spikelets solitary on each branchlet, narrowly oblong-ovoid, 

 5-7 mm. long; scales dark gray, about 2 mm. long; bristles 6, 

 3-4 times as long as the achene, prominently flexuous, nearly 

 glabrous; anthers I mm. long, otherwise with the characters of 



No. 4. Swampy places; Hokkaido, Honshu (Uzen); rare. 



Sakhalin, Korea, Siberia, and Europe. 



6. Scirpus atrovirens Willd. var. georgianus (Harper) 



Fern. S. georgianus Harper; S. hattorianus Makino 



Iwaki-aburagaya. Culms stout, more than 1 m. long, gla- 

 brous, leafy; cauline leaves flat, linear, 20-30 cm. long, 8-10 

 mm. wide, the sheaths 4-5 cm. long; inflorescence terminal, 

 compound, 5-10 cm. long, the lower 2 or 3 bracts longer than 

 the others, leaflike, narrow, exceeding the inflorescence, the 

 rays smooth, sometimes with short branchlets; spikelets sessile, 

 disposed in capitate clusters of 8-10 spikelets, broadly ovoid, 

 obtuse, 2-2.5 mm. long, dark gray; scales about 1 mm. long, 

 very obtuse; achenes shghdy shorter than the scale, ellipsoid, 

 pale, compressed-trigonous; bristles 4-5, slender, erect, with a 



few spines at tip; anthers 0.8 mm. long. Honshu (Iwaki); 



rare. N. America. 



7. Scirpus maximowiczii C. B. Clarke. Eriophorum 

 japonicum Maxim.; S. japonicum (Maxim.) Fern., non Fr. & 



Sav.; E. maximowiczii (C. B. Clarke) Beede Takane- 



KURO-soGE, Miyama-wata-suge. Rhizomes short; culms soli- 

 tary, with 1-3 nodes, 15-40 cm. tall; radical leaves flat, broadly 

 linear, 3-6 mm. wide, long-attenuate, obtuse at tip, the cauline 

 3-7 cm. long, the sheath 3-4 cm. long, loosely surrounding 

 the culm at base; inflorescence terminal, compound, 3-5 cm. 

 long, nodding on one side, the bracts 1 or 2, short, the rays 

 scabrous; spikelets oblong, rarely in capitate clusters of 1-3, 

 7-10 mm. long, Z-A mm. thick, dark gray; scales membranous, 

 3.5-4 mm. long, very obtuse; achenes broadly obovate, 1.3 mm. 



long, the brisdes 6, flexuous, 5-6 mm. long, sparsely spinulose 



at tip; anthers 2-3 mm. long. July-Aug. Wet places in 



high mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu (n. & centr. distr.). s. 



Kuriles, Sakhalin, Korea, and Ussuri. 



8. Scirpus mitsukurianus Makino. Matsu-kasa-susuki. 

 Culms 1-1.5 m. long, stout, terete, with 5-7 distant nodes; 

 radical leaves shorter than the culm, the cauline 4-8 mm. 

 wide, elongate, long-attenuate, the sheath 3-10 cm. long, 

 tightly surrounding the culm; inflorescence of 2-5 interrupted 

 subcompound panicles, the terminal one largest, 5-10 cm. 

 long, the subtending bracts several, 2 or 3 of them longer than 

 the others, longer than the inflorescence; spikelets sessile, 

 densely congested in globular-capitate clusters of 10-20, ovate- 

 oblong, 4-6 mm. long, dark brownish gray; scales lanceolate, 

 3 mm. long, 0.7 mm. wide, acute; achenes obovate, com- 

 pressed-trigonous, 1 mm. long, mucronate, pale, the bristles 

 5-6, about 5 mm. long, sparsely ascending-spinulose at tip. 



Aug.-Oct. Swamps in low grounds; Honshu, Shikoku, 



Kyushu. 



9. Scirpus karuizawensis Makino. S. coreanus Palla; S. 

 fuirenoides var. jaluanus Komar.; S. jaluanus (Komar.) Na- 



kai; S. fuirenoides var. \aruizawensis (Makino) Hara 



HiME-MATsu-KASA-susuKi. Differs from the following in the 

 lateral branches of the panicle with 5-10 clusters of spikelets, 

 the terminal panicle decompound, and by the more slender 

 rays. — Aug.-Oct. Swamps; Honshu (Shinano Prov., Karui- 

 zawa) ; rare. — Korea and Manchuria. 



10. Scirpus fuirenoides Maxim. Ko-matsu-kasa-susuki. 

 Rhizomes short; culms 80-120 cm. long, stout, with 4 or 5 

 nodes; radical leaves linear, the cauline Z-A mm. wide, gradu- 

 ally attenuate; partial panicles 4-6, the lateral composed of 1 

 or 2 clusters of spikelets, the terminal with 3-6 stiffly erect 

 simple rays, the bracts leaflike, narrow; spikelets sessile, ob- 

 long, 5-7 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. thick, dark grayish brown 

 when mature, in globose-capitate clusters of 10-20 spikelets; 

 scales ovate-deltoid, 2.5-3 mm. long, 1-1.2 mm. wide, acute; 

 achenes obovate, mucronate, compressed-trigonous, about 1 

 mm. long, pale, the bristles 6, flexuous, about 5 mm. long, 



sparsely ascending-spinulose at tip. Aug.-Oct. Swamps; 



Honshu, Kyushu. 



11. Scirpus wichurae Boecklr. var. wichurae. S. erio- 

 phorum. sensu auct. Japon., non Michx.; S. cyperinus sensu 



auct. Japon., non Kunth; S. concolor Maxim. ^Abura-gaya. 



Culms 1-1.5 m. long, stout, obtusely 3-angled, with 5-8 distant 

 nodes; cauline leaves flat, 30-40 cm. long, 5-15 mm. wide, 

 acute, rather stiff, gradually narrowed at tip; partial panicles 

 compound, 1-4, the lateral ones small, the terminal often de- 

 compound, the bracts 2 or 3, longer or shorter than the partial 

 inflorescence; spikelets peduncled or sessile, sometimes in 

 clusters of 2-5 (forma concolor Ohwi. Abura-gaya), some- 

 times solitary (forma wichurae. Aiba-so), oblong or ellip- 

 soid, 4-8 mm. long, 3-4 mm. thick, obtuse, reddish brown; 

 scales narrow-ovate, 2-2.5 mm. long; achenes compressed- 

 trigonous, 0.8-1 mm. long, obovate, pale, mucronate, the 

 brisdes 6, about 4 mm. long, slender, flexuous, ascending, 

 scabrous at tip. Aug.-Oct. Wet places in hills and low- 

 lands; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common and 

 variable. 



Var. asiaticus (Beede) T. Koyama. S. borealis T. Koyama, 

 excl. basionym; S. wichurae var. borealis Ohwi, excl. typus 

 Hige-abura-gaya. Lateral partial panicles usually want- 



