Cyperaceae 



203 



ing, the terminal one large, with numerous spikelets; spikelets 



dense, globular; scales ovate to broadly so. Honshu, Shi- 



koku, Kyushu. Korea, China to the Himalayas. 



12. Scirpus ternatanus Reinw. 5. chinensis Munro, non 



Osbeck O-ABURA-GAYA. Culms stout, 60-100 cm. long, 



leafy; cauline leaves elongate, stiff, 8-15 mm. wide, long- 

 attenuate, the sheaths loosely enveloping the culm, usually 

 brownish and somewhat lustrous at base; inflorescence termi- 

 nal, decompound, very large, with smooth stiil rays to 10 cm. 

 long, the bracts 3 or 4, leaflike; spikelets sessile, ovoid, obtuse, 

 reddish brown, in clusters of 4-10; scales membranous, 1-1.2 

 mm. long, ovate-deltoid, obtuse; achenes slighdy shorter than 

 the scale, flattened, obovate, pale, the brisdes 0-3, slightly 

 longer than the achene, erect, slender, ascending-scabrous 



above the middle. Kyushu (Hyuga Prov.; Tanegashima) 



Ryukyus, Formosa, China, and Malaysia. 



13. Scirpus rosthomii Diels. 5. \iushiuensis Ohwi; S. 



ternatanus var. kjushiiiensis (Ohwi) T. Koyama Tsukushi- 



ABURA-GAYA. More slender than the preceding; culms 60- 

 100 cm. long, glabrous, with 5-7 nodes; cauline leaves flat, 

 15-20 cm. long, 6-8 mm. wide, gradually attenuate, the sheaths 

 rather loosely enveloping the culm; inflorescence terminal, 

 large, to 10 cm. wide, the rays stiff, to 5 cm. long, scabrous in 

 upper part; spikelets sessile, oblong, 3-4 mm. long, 1.5 mm. 

 thick, in clusters of 2-5; scales ovate-orbicular, 1 mm. long, 

 very obtuse, brownish with a broad green midrib; achenes 

 slightly shorter than the scale, pale, compressed, 0.7 mm. long; 

 brisdes none. Aug.-Oct. s. Kyushu. China. 



14. Scirpus planiculmis F. Schmidt. S. maritimus var. 

 affinis sensu auct. Japon., non C. B. Clarke; S. maritimus var. 

 compactus sensu auct. Japon., non Mey.; S. biconcavus Ohwi 



Ezo-UKi-YAGARA, Ko-UKi-YAGARA. Rhizomes elongate; 



culms 40-100 cm. long, 3-angled, without nodes except at 

 base, more or less thickened at base; leaves elongate, flat, 

 2-5 mm. wide; inflorescence capitate or with 1 or 2 short rays, 

 the bracts 1-3, much longer than the inflorescence, leaflike; 

 spikelets 1-6, sessile, ovoid, 8-15 mm. long, 6-8 mm. wide, lus- 

 trous, reddish or yellowish brown; scales 3-6 mm. long, ellip- 

 tic, hyaline, nerveless on both sides, pubescent, emarginate, 

 the midrib prolonged into a slightly recurved awn 1-2 mm. 

 long; achenes flattened, broadly obovate, 3 mm. long, tawny 

 and lustrous, obtusely angled, the faces more or less concave, 



bristles none. July-Oct. Swampy places especially near 



seashores; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Sakhalin, 



Manchuria, Korea, and Ryukyus. 



15. Scirpus fluviatilis (Torr.) A. Gray. S. maritimus 

 var. fluviatilis A. Gray; S. yagara Ohwi; S. fluviatilis var. 

 yagara (Ohwi) T. Koyama Uki-yagara, Yagara. Rhi- 

 zomes elongate; culms 70-150 cm. long, stout, 3-angled, leafy 

 below, globosely thickened at base; leaves flat, 5-10 mm. wide, 

 gradually narrowed upward; inflorescence terminal, usually 

 simple, with 3-8 rays to 7 cm. long, the bracts 2-4, leaflike, 

 elongate; spikelets oblong, 2 or 3 on each ray, 10-20 mm. 

 long, 6-8 mm. across; scales oblong, hyaline, brownish, nerve- 

 less, 5-6 mm. long, puberulent, emarginate, the midrib end- 

 ing in a recurved awn 2-3 mm. long; achenes obovate, 3.5-4 

 mm. long, cuneate at base, 3-ang!ed, at first whitish, finally 

 dark brown, lustrous, with equal flat sides, the brisdes 6, 



shorter than the scale, retrorsely scabrous. July-Oct. 



Marshy places and shallow waters; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shi- 

 koku, Kyushu. e. Asia, Australia, and N. America. 



16. Scirpus lineolatus Fr. & Sav. Hime-hotaru-i. 

 Rhizomes slender, elongate, forming a tuber at apex in 

 autumn; culms loose, solitary, terete, 7-30 cm. long, soft, 

 naked, the basal sheaths 1 or 2, hyaline, bladeless, obliquely 

 truncate at apex; spikelet solitary, pseudolateral, 7-10 mm. 

 long, 3 mm. across, broadly lanceolate, acute, sessile, tawny to 

 reddish brown, more or less lustrous; bract 1, terete, 1-4 cm. 

 long, erect, continuous with the culm; scales obtuse, hyaline, 

 4-5 mm. long, faintly nerved, oblong; stigmas 2; achenes 

 broadly obovate, 2 mm. long, dark brown, lustrous, com- 

 pressed, glabrous; bristles 4-5, twice as long as die achene, 



retrorsely scabrous; anthers 2.5 mm. long. July-Oct. 



Marshy places; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



Formosa. 



17. Scirpus wallichii Nees. S. sasal^ii Hayata Tai- 



WAN-YAMA-i. Culms tufted, green, slender, 10-40 cm. long, 

 obtusely 4- or 5-angled, naked; basal sheaths cylindrical, 

 obliquely truncate at tip, bladeless; inflorescence capitate, 

 pseudolateral, dense, composed of 2-5 spikelets; bract 1, erect, 

 5-13 cm. long, continuous with the culm; spikelets narrowly 

 ovoid, 3-17 mm. long, 3-3.5 mm. wide, acute, sessile, pale 

 green; scales ellipdc, 3.5-4 mm. long, obtuse; sdgmas 2; 

 achenes broadly obovate, about 2 mm. long, planoconvex, 

 slightly rugose; bristles 4, much longer than the achene, 



retrorsely scabrous. Aug.-Oct. Swampy places; Honshu, 



Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea, China, Formosa, and India. 



18. Scirpus juncoides Roxb. var. hotarui (Ohwi) Ohwi. 

 S. hotarui Ohwi; S. juncoides sensu auct. Japon., saltem pro 



parte, non Roxb. Hotaru-i. Rhizomes nearly wanting; 



culms 30-60 cm. long, slender, smooth; basal sheaths obliquely 

 truncate at apex, bladeless; inflorescence of l-3(-5) radiate 

 sessile spikelets, pseudolateral, headlike; bract 1, decurrent on 

 the culm, erect, 5-8 cm. long, shallowly sulcate in front; 

 spikelets ovoid to narrowly ovoid, 8-12 mm. long, 5-6 mm. 

 across; scales ovate-orbicular, rounded at apex; achenes dark 

 brown, lustrous, compressed-trigonous, broadly obovate, 2 

 mm. long, rugose; stigmas 3; brisdes shorter or slightly longer 



than the achene, 6, retrorsely scabrous, brownish. Rather 



common in wet places; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 

 Korea and Manchuria. 



Var. ohwianus (T. Koyama) T. Koyama. S. ohtvianus 

 T. Koyama; S. juncoides sensu auct. Japon., pro parte, non 



Roxb. Inu-hotaru-i. Culms terete, rather soft, opaque, 



indistinctly obtuse-angled; inflorescence of 3-9(-12) short- 

 cylindric spikelets; achenes lenticular, unequally convex; style 

 bifid; otherwise with the characters of var. hotarui. Hon- 

 shu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryukyus, Formosa, and China. 



The typical phase occurs in India. 



Scirpus trapezoideus Koidz. S. juncoides Roxb. var. 

 triangulatus (Honda) Ohwi; S. erectus var. triangulatus 



Honda; ? S. quadrangulus Makino Shikaku-hotaru-i, San- 



kaku-hotaru-i. May be a natural hybrid between Nos. 17 

 and 20, distinguished from No. 17 by the distincdy 3-5 angled 

 stout culms. Honshu, Kyushu. 



19. Scirpus hondoensis Ohwi. Miyama-hotaru-i. 

 Rhizomes abbreviated; culms soft, 15-40 cm. long; spikelets 

 2-4, broadly ovoid, 5-6 mm. long, 4-4.5 mm. wide, obtuse, 

 light green; scales somewhat hyaline, 3 mm. long; stigmas 3; 

 achenes 1.5 mm. long, compressed-triangular; bristles 5-6, 114 

 times as long as the achene; otherwise with the characters of 

 the preceding species. July-Sept. Marshy places on edge 



