204 



Cyperaceae 



of lakes or ponds in high mountains; Honshu (n. and centr. 

 distr.). 



20. Scirpus komarovii Roshev. S. supinus var. leio- 

 carpus Komar.; S. o\uyamae Ohwi Ko-hotaru-i. Rhi- 

 zomes scarcely evident; culms tufted, 20-50 cm. long, soft, 

 terete, slender; basal sheaths cylindric, the mouth hyaline- 

 translucent, obliquely truncate, sometimes cuspidate; in- 

 florescence capitate, pseudolateral, of 3-10 sessile spikelets; 

 bract 1, 7-10 cm. long, continuous with the culm; spikelets 

 broadly ovoid, 5-8 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, obtuse, light 

 green; scales elliptic, membranous, 2.5-3 mm. long; stigmas 2; 

 achenes broadly obovate, 1.2-1.5 mm. long, flattened, dark 

 brown, nearly smooth; bristles 4 or 5, IVi times as long as the 

 achene, retrorsely scabrous; anthers 0.3 mm. long. July- 

 Sept. Hokkaido, Honshu (Kai, Mutsu). ^Korea, Man- 

 churia, and Ussuri. 



21. Scirpus triangulatus Roxb., S. mucronatus auct. 

 Japon., non L.; S. preslii Dietr.; 5. mucronatus var. robustus 



Miq.; 5. mucronatus var. subleiocarpa Fr. & Sav. Kan- 



GARE-i. Rhizomes abbreviated; culms tufted, 50-120 cm. 

 long, acutely 3-angled, stout, naked; basal sheaths 3-angled, 

 obliquely truncate at apex; inflorescence capitate, pseudolateral, 

 of 4-20 sessile spikelets; bracts 1, 3-angled, 3-10 cm. long, erect 

 or ascending, continuous with the culm; spikelets oblong, 1-2 

 cm. long, 4-6 mm. wide, light green to light brown, terete; 

 scales oblong or ovate, 4-5 mm. long, somewhat firm; stigmas 

 3; achenes 2-2.5 mm. long, compressed-triangular, indistinctly 

 rugose or nearly smooth; bristles 5-6, 1.5-2 times as long as 

 the achene, retrorsely scabrous; anthers 2.5 mm. long, linear. 

 — -Aug.-Oct. Marshes and ponds; common; Hokkaido, 

 Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea, China, Formosa, Malay- 

 sia, and India. 



22. Scirpus mucronatus L. S. abactus Ohwi ^Hime- 



KANGARE-i. Smaller than the preceding; culms 40-70 cm. 

 long, distinctiy concave on the faces, 3-5 mm. wide at top; 

 spikelets 5-10, ovoid, 6-10 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide, slightly 

 angled; bract solitary, 3-6 cm. long, erect, or spreading; 

 scales ovate-orbicular, 3-5 mm. long, rather loosely imbricate; 

 stigmas 3; achenes 2 mm. long, distinctly rugose; bristles 6, 

 shorter than the achene, retrorsely scabrous; anthers lanceo- 

 late, 0.7 mm. long; otherwise as in the preceding species. 



Aug.-Oct. Marshy places and shallow ponds; Honshu (Kii 

 Prov.), Shikoku, Kyushu; rare. Korea to Europe. 



23. Scirpus nipponicus Makino. S. etuberculatus subsp. 

 nipponicus (Makino) T. Koyama; S. depauperatus Komar., 



non Poir. Shizui, Te-ga-numai. Rhizomes slender, 



terminated by a small tuber; culms 40-60 cm. long, 3-angled, 

 about 2 mm. wide in upper part, without nodes, smooth, leafy 

 at base; leaves slightly longer than the culm, flaccid, 3-angled, 

 glabrous, 2-3 mm. wide, subobtuse; inflorescence corymbose, 

 pseudolateral, 1-3 times dichotomously branched, with 5-8 

 loosely disposed spikelets; bract 1, continuous with the culm, 



erect, 10-20 cm. long; spikelets narrowly oblong to broadly 

 lanceolate, 10-15 mm. long, 5-6 mm. thick, subacute, reddish 

 brown; scales thin, narrowly oblong-ovate, 4-5 mm. long, 

 obtuse, hyaline; stigmas 2; achenes obovate, biconvex, 2 mm. 

 long, dark brown, dull; bristles 4, twice as long as the achene, 

 retrorsely scabrous. July-Oct. Ponds and ditches; Hok- 

 kaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; rare. Manchuria. 



24. Scirpus triqueter L. S. pollichii Godr. & Gren. 



Sankaku-i. Rhizomes slender, long-creeping; culms rather 

 distant, 50-100 cm. long, acutely 3-angled, 2-7 mm. thick at 

 base; basal sheaths 3-angled, with short blades 0.5 cm. long; 

 inflorescence pseudolateral, umbelliform with a few rays, or 

 capitate; bract 1, continuous with the culm, 3-angled, 2-5 cm. 

 long; spikelets oblong to ovate, 7-17 mm. long, 5-7 mm. thick, 

 obtuse, ferrugineous, in clusters of 2 or 3; scales oblong, 

 about 4 mm. long, hyaline, dark brown striate, ciliate, shal- 

 lowly bifid, the midrib excurrent into a short, erect mucro; 

 achenes broadly obovate, biconvex, 2-2.5 mm. long, nearly 

 smooth, lustrous; bristles 3-5, nearly as long as the achene, 



retrorsely scabrous; stigmas 2. July-Oct. Marshy places 



and shallow ponds; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; 

 common. ^Ussuri, Korea, Manchuria, China, Ryukyus, Ma- 

 laysia, India, and s. Europe. 



25. Scirpus lacustris L. var. creber (Fern.) T. Koyama. 

 S. tabernaemontani sensu auct. Japon., non Gmel.; S. validus 

 Vahl; S. validus Vahl var. creber Fern.; S. lacustris sensu 

 auct. Japon., non L.; 5. lacustris var. tabernaemontani (Gmel.) 

 Doell; S. ciliatus Steud. Futo-i. Rhizomes stout, creep- 

 ing, short; culms thick, terete, glaucous-green, 1-2 m. long; 

 basal sheaths cylindric, with a short subulate blade to 10 cm. 

 long; inflorescence pseudolateral, umbelliform, once to twice 

 compound, with 4-7 rays; bract 1, continuous with the culm; 

 spikelets in groups of 2 or 3 or solitary, ovoid, reddish brown, 

 5-10 mm. long; scales membranous, elliptic to broadly ovate, 

 about 3 mm. long, ciliate, with reddish brown flecks, shallowly 

 bifid and mucronate; stigmas usually 2, rarely 3; achenes 2 

 mm. long, biconvex, dark grayish brown, smooth; bristles as 



long as the achene, retrorsely scabrous. July-Oct. Ponds 



and lake margins; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; 

 common. Sakhalin, Kuriles, Korea to Europe. Very vari- 

 able. Forma creber. Kita-futo-i. Spikelets usually 



aggregated, dark colored. Occurring chiefly in northern 



areas. Forma luxurians Miq. Nami-futo-i. Spikelets 



numerous, usually solitary, light colored, scarcely flecked. 



Common in central areas. Forma australis Ohwi. Na- 



GABO-FUTo-i. Spikelets densely disposed, 10-15 mm. long, 



light colored, not flecked. Common in southern areas. 



Cv. Zebrinus. S. lacustris forma zebrinus Hort. ex Asch. & 

 Graebn. Shima-futo-i. Culms transversely white-banded. 



Cultivated. Cv. Pictus. S. lacustris forma pictus Honda 



Tatejima-futo-i. Culms longitudinally white-lined. 



Cultivated. 



5. ERIOPHORUM L. Wata-suge Zoku 



Tufted, rhizomatous or stoloniferous perennials; culms few-leaved; radical leaves slender, elongate, flat or 3-angled; cauline 

 leaves usually reduced to a sheath; inflorescence of 1 to several spikelets, simple, terminal, bracteate or not; scales spirally ar- 

 ranged, many, the lower one empty; flowers bisexual; perianth of many elongate flat fibrous filaments smooth or nearly so, 

 much longer than the scale; stamens 3; achenes obovate, compressed-trigonous, rarely scabrous on margin at tip; style slender, 



continuous with the achene and not thickened at base, the stigmas 3. About 15 species, in the subarctic and cool-temperate 



regions of the N. Hemisphere. 



