Cyperaceae 205 



lA. Spikelcts several; cauline leaves with distinct blades; rhizomes long-creeping; anthers 2-3 mm. long I.E. graciU 



IB. Spikclet solitary, terminal; cauline leaves reduced to an inflated sheath. 



2A. Densely tufted, without stolons; radical leaves compressed, 3-angled, scabrous on margin; anthers 2.5-3 mm. long. 



2. E. vaginalum 

 2B. Stoloniferous, hardly tufted; radical leaves terete, sulcate on upper surface, smooth; anthers 0.8-1 mm. long. 



3. E. scheuchzcri var. tenuijolium 



1. Eriophorum gracile Koch. E. coreanum Palla; E. above, acute; spikelet solitary, terminal, narrowly ovoid, 1-2 

 gracile subsp. coreanum (Palla) Hult.; Scirpus ardea T. cm. long at anthesis, nearly globose in fruit; scales numerous, 



Koyama, incl. var. coreanus (Palla) T. Koyama Sagi-suge. imbricate, lanceolate-deltoid, dark gray, gradually narrowed 



Scarcely caespitose; rhizomes elongate; culms slender, rather and acute, 1-nerved; achenes obovate, 2-2.5 mm. long; 



soft, 20-50 cm. long, obtusely 3-angled; radical leaves com- perianth-segments white, flat, filiform, much-elongate, to 2-2.5 



pressed, 3-angled, sometimes over-topping the culm, abruptly cm. long in fruit; anthers 2.5-3 mm. long. June-Aug. 



obtuse, the cauline 1-2, short, subulate, sheathing at base; in- High moors; Hokkaido, Honshu (n. and centr. part); rather 



florescence simple, the lowest bracts elongate, 1-2 cm. long; common. Korea, Kuriles, Sakhalin, Siberia, and Europe. 



spikelets 2-5, oblong in flower, 5-10 mm. long, die peduncle 3. Eriophorum scheuchzeri Hoppe var. tenuifolium 



papillose-pilose; scales narrowly oblong, obtuse, gray, faintly Ohwi. Scirpus leucocephalus (Boecklr.) T. Koyama forma 



nerved; perianth-segments many, white, linear, elongate after tenuijolius (Ohwi) T. Koyama Ezo-wata-suge. Rhi- 



anthesis and much exceeding the scale, to 2 cm. long; achenes zomes elongate; culms 10-30 cm. long, radier soft, obscurely 



narrowly oblong, sometimes mucronate, 3-3.5 mm. long. angled, 1- or 2-leaved at base; radical leaves at length elongate, 



June-Aug. High moors; Hokkaido, Honshu (Kinki Distr. terete, sulcate on upper surface, smooth, 0.7 mm. wide, 

 and northeast). Widely distributed in the cooler regions of abruptly obtuse; sheaths of cauline leaves tubular, slightly in- 

 die N. Hemisphere. flated in upper part, sometimes terminated by a short setaceous 



2. Eriophorum vaginatum L. E. scheuchzeri sensu blade; spikelet solitary, terminal, obovoid in flower, 1-1.5 cm. 

 Matsum., non Hoppe; E. jauriei E. G. Camus; E. scabridum long, nearly hemispherical in fruit; scales deltoid-lanceolate, 



Ohwi; Scirpus fauriei (E. G. Camus) T. Koyama Wata- gradually narrowed to tip, acute, dark gray, 1-nerved; periandi- 



SUGE, SuzuME-No-KE-YARi. Densely caespitose in large segments white, filiform, much elongate, to 2-2.5 cm. long in 



clumps; culms erect, firm, obtusely 3-angled, 20-50 cm. long; fruit; achenes obovate, about 2 mm. long, mucronate; anthers 



basal leaves compressed-trigonous, with acute angles, 1-1.5 0.8-1 mm. long. July-Aug. High moors; Hokkaido 



mm. wide, abrupdy acute, slightly scabrous on margin, the (Mount Daisetsu); rare. The typical phase with larger 



cauline 1 or 2, reduced to a bladeless inflated sheath, blackish parts, occurs in Europe to Siberia and N. America. 



6. FIMBRISTYLIS Vahl Ten-tsuki Zoku 



Tufted annuals or perennials; culms usually leafless, often more or less bifacially compressed; leaves radical, fascicled, rarely 

 bladeless; inflorescence usually umbel liform, somerimes capitate or consisdng of a solitary spikelet, usually subtended by a 

 leafy bract or bracts at base; spikelets few- to many-flowered; flowers bisexual; scales spirally arranged or 2-ranked; perianth 

 none; stamens 1-3; style-base somewhat thickened, articulate with the ovary and deciduous when mature; stigmas 2-3; achenes 



obovate, biconvex or 3-angled, smooth to tuberculate, rarely verrucose. Cosmopolitan, with about 150 species, in tropical and 



warm-temperate regions. 



lA. Spikelcts compressed; scales at least in young spikelets distincdy distichous; stigmas 3, styles slender. 



2A. Scales glabrous, lustrous; spikelets I or 2, ovoid, 4-6 mm. wide, pale 1- E- monostachya 



2B. Scales pubcrulcnt, dull; spikelcts many, lanceolate, 2-2.5 mm. wide, reddish brown 2. F. jusca 



IB. Spikelcts not compressed; scales wholly spiral; stigmas 2 or 3. 

 3A. Achenes narrowly oblong. 



4A. Achenes with clavate marginal tubercles; spikelets pale green; leaves filiform, 0.25-0.5 mm. wide 3. F. vcmidjcra 



4B. Achenes without processes; spikelets somewhat tawny; leaves 2-2.5 mm. wide "l. F. statintomi 



3B. Achenes obovoid to broadly so. 

 5 A. Stigmas 3; achenes trigonous. 



6A. Culms not surrounded at base by a bladeless sheath above the tuft of long-bladed radical leaves; leaf-blades flattened dorsiven- 

 trally; spikelets lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate. 

 7A. Ligule a dense fringe of short hairs; rather soft herbs with flattened culms. 



8A. Annual herb without rhizomes; scales of spikelets 1.5-2 mm. long; stamens 1 or 2; anthers 0.25 mm. long. 



5. F. autumnalis 

 SB. Perennial herb with short rhizomes; scales of spikelcts about 3 mm. long; stamens 3; anthers about 1.5 mm. long. 



6. F. complanata 

 7B. Ligule absent; rather firm perennial herbs; culms not compressed. 



9A. Rhizomes creeping, covered by short scales; scales of spikelcts 5-6 mm. long I. F. pierotit 



9B. Rhizomes not creeping, forming a dense tuft; scales of spikelets 1.5-2 mm. long 9. F. cymosa 



6B. Culms surrounded at base by a bladeless Icaf-shcath; leaf-blades laterally compressed, equitant; spikelcts subglobosc, terete, 



not angled 10. F. miliacea 



5B. Stigmas 2; achenes lenticular. 



lOA. Scales thinly membranous, ciliatc, with a raised green excurrent midrib on back 12. F. I{adzusana 



lOB. Scales chartaccous, not ciliate, the midrib not prominently raised. 

 11 A. Achenes smooth or nearly so. 



