206 



Cyperaceae 



12A. Spikelets angled; scales more or less keeled. 



13 A. Leaves more or less silky hairy beneath; spikelets 6-10 mm. long, about 4 mm. in diameter S. F. sericea 



13B. Leaves glabrous; spikelets 3-5 (-6) mm. long, about 2 mm. in diameter 9. F. cymosa 



12B. Spikelets terete; scales not keeled on back. 



HA. Culms surrounded at base by a bladeless leaf-sheath; spikelets many to very many, small 11. F. diphylloides 



14B. Culms not surrounded at base by a bladeless leaf-sheath; spikelets 1 to few. 



15A. Scales 1-nerved, minutely puberulent 13. F. ferruginea var. sieboldii 



15B. Scales faintly many-nerved, glabrous 14. F. subbispicata 



11 B. Achenes reticulate. 



16A. Spikelets 2-7 mm. wide, terete; scales flat or nearly so on back, chartaceous. 



17A. Plants hairy, at least partially 16. F. dichotoma 



17B. Plants glabrous 15. F. longispica 



16B. Spikelets about 1.5 mm. wide, angled; scales more or less keeled on back, membranous. 

 18A. Style-base with long hairs covering the upper part of the achene; achenes nearly smooth. 



19A. Scales with a long recurved apical awn 17. F. squarrosa 



19B. Scales with a short straight apical awn 18. F. velata 



18B. Style-base without long hairs; achenes smooth 19. F. astivalis 



1. Fimbristylis monostachya (L.) Hassk. Cyperus short-ciliate around the mouth of leaf -sheaths; inflorescence 



tnonostachyos L.; Abildgaardia monostachya (L.) Vahl erect, loosely umbelliform, simple or branched, 5-10 cm. long, 



Yari-ten-tsuki. Rhizomes short; culms 15-40 cm. long; with numerous spikelets, the bracts 2 or 3, somewhat leaflike; 

 leaves shorter than the culm, 0.7-1 mm. wide, glabrous; spike- spikelets ovoid to oblong, 3-5 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. across, 

 let terminal, solitary, very rarely 2, ovoid, more or less com- obtuse, light brown; scales thin-membranous, broadly lanceo- 

 pressed, lustrous, 8-15 mm. long, 4-6 mm. wide, with 1 or 2 late, 1.5-2 mm. long, abruptly cuspidate; achenes narrow- 

 scaly bracts at base; scales 2-ranked or finally partially sub- oblong, obscurely 3-angled or inflated-biconvex, 0.7 mm. long, 

 spiral owing to the torsion of the rachilla, pale or grayish with transversely oblong reticulations; style and stigmas 1.5-2 

 stramineous, somewhat coriaceous, broadly ovate, 4-6 mm. mm. long, persistent, the stigmas spreading, rather con- 

 long, acute and mucronate, glabrous, keeled, indistinctly spicuous; stamens 1 or 2, the anthers 0.3 mm. long. Aug.- 



3-nerved; achenes 2.5-3 mm. long, pale, broadly obovate, Oct. Kyushu; rare. Korea, Manchuria, and China. 



coarsely verrucose; andiers 1.5-2 mm. long. Sept. Honshu Var. tonensis (Makino) Ohwi. F. tonensis Makino 



(Sagami and Kii Prov.), Kyushu. s. Korea, Formosa, Tone-ten-tsdki. Scales 2-2.5 mm. long; style and stigmas 



China, India, Malaysia, Australia, and Africa. 2.5-3 mm. long, the stigmas persistent; achenes 0.8-1 mm. 



2. Fimbristylis fusca (Nees) C. B. Clarke. Abildgaardia long. Honshu (Kazusa, Shimosa, Yamato and Settsu) ; 



fusca Nees Onoe-ten-tsuki. Cukns slender, 20-40 cm. rare. 



long; leaves shorter than the culms, 1-2 mm. wide, slightly 5. Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) Roem. & Schult. Scir- 



setulose-scabrous, abruptly pointed at apex; inflorescence usu- pus autumnalis L.; F. com.planata var. microcarya sensu auct. 



ally compound, with rather many loosely disposed nearly sim- Japon., non C. B. Clarke Hime-hira-ten-tsuki, Hime-ten- 



ple spikelets, the bracts setaceous, to 5 cm. long; spikelets tsuki, Kusa-ten-tsuki. Culms tufted, 10-30 cm. long, flac- 



lanceolate, 7-10 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. thick, compressed, dull, cid, rather flat, glabrous; leaves shorter than the culm, flaccid, 



dark brown, subacute, 3- to 8-flowered; scales few, 2-ranked, flat, 1.5-2.5 mm. wide, abruptly acute, glabrous, the sheaths 



keeled, the lower 2 or 3 small, empty, the middle ones 4-5 distichous, keeled, compressed, minutely ciliate along the dorsal 



mm. long, gradually narrowed to apex, minutely puberulent; margin of the mouth; inflorescence umbelliform, compound, 



achenes broadly obovoid, 1 mm. long, 3-angled, whitish, with many spikelets, the bracts 2 or 3, linear, rather short; 



verruculose; anthers linear, about 1.5 mm. long. Sept.-Oct. spikelets rather loosely arranged, lanceolate, angled, 7- to 



Shikoku, Kyushu; rare. China, India, and Malaysia. 16-flowered, 3-6 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, brownish red; 



3. Fimbristylis verrucifera (Maxim.) Makino. Isolepis scales membranous, narrowly ovate, 1.5-2 mm. long, acute, 

 verrucifera Maxim.; F. dipsacea C. B. Clarke var. verrucifera keeled; achenes 0.7 mm. long, whitish, with transversely ob- 



(Maxim.) T. Koyama; F. dipsacea sensu auct. Japon., non long reticulations; anthers 0.2 mm. long. July-Oct. Com- 



C. B. Clarke Ao-ten-tsuki. Culms tufted, 5-15 cm. long, mon in wet places in lowlands; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, 



soft; leaves 3-5 cm. long, filiform, flaccid, 0.25-0.5 mm. wide; Kyushu. Korea, Ryukyus, and N. America. 



inflorescence umbelliform, nearly simple, bearing to 20 spike- 6. Fimbristylis complanata (Retz.) Link. Scirpus 



lets, the bracts 3-10, filiform, the lower 1 or 2 longer than the complanatus Retz.; F. complanata var. \raussiana sensu auct. 



inflorescence; spikelets ovoid-globular to oblong, pale green, Japon., non C. B. Clarke No-ten-tsuki, Hira-ten-tsuki. 



3-6 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. across, densely many-flowered; scales Rhizomes abbreviated; culms distinctly compressed to ancipital 



oblong, thin-membranous, about 1 mm. long, obtuse and above, glabrous, 20-80 cm. long; leaves flat, 1.5-3 mm. wide, 



awned; achenes narrowly oblong, 0.7 mm. long, short-stiped, glabrous, abruptly acuminate, the sheath distichous, minutely 



with 4-6 clavate-globular tubercles along the margins, the ciliate along the dorsal margin of the mouth; inflorescence 



reticulations oblong-hexagonal. Wet places in lowlands; umbelliform, compound, 2 to 7(-10) cm. long, the bracts 



Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. s. Korea, Manchuria, Amur, linear, shorter than the inflorescence; spikelets numerous, 



and Ussuri. broadly lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 5-8 mm. long, 1.5-2 



4. Fimbristylis stauntonii Deb. & Fr. var. stauntonii. mm. wide, acute, angled; scales membranous, oblong, about 3 

 Hatake-ten-tsuki. Culms many, tufted, slender, 7-40 cm. mm. long, acute, reddish brown, keeled; achenes about 1 mm. 

 long; leaves shorter than the culm, glabrous, 2-2.5 mm. wide, long, whitish, smooth or sparsely verrucose, the reticulations 



