208 



Cyperaceae 



firm, not keeled, elliptic, 4-6 mm. long, obtuse and mucro- 

 nate; achenes obovate-orbicular, biconvex, dark brown at 

 maturity, nearly smooth, distinctly stiped, the body 1-1.2 mm. 



long; stamens 3, the anthers linear, 1.2-1.8 mm. long. 



July-Oct. Rather common in wet places in mountains or in 



lowlands; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea, 



Manchuria, Ryukyus, Formosa, China, India, and Malaysia. 

 Var. pacifica (Ohwi) Ohwi. F. pacifica Ohwi; F. trista- 



chya var. pacifica (Ohwi) T. Koyama Iso-ten-tsuki. 



Plant very slender; spikelet 7-15 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. wide, 

 paler, stramineous; scales membranous, 3-4 mm. long; stamens 



2; otherwise as in the typical phase. Cliffs along seashores 



and in wet places in lowlands near the sea; Honshu (Hachijo 

 Isl. in Izu), Shikoku, Kyushu; rare. Ryukyus. 



15. Fimbristylis longispica Steud. F. buergeri Miq.; F. 



\oreensis C. B. Clarke ^Nagabo-ten-tsuki. Rhizomes 



short-creeping, thick; culms stout, 40-60 cm. long; leaves flat, 

 2-4 mm. long, abruptly acute, rather firm; inflorescence com- 

 pound, with rather many spikelets, 4-6 cm. long, the bracts 

 2-5, much exceeding the inflorescence, to 30 cm. long; spikelets 

 rather densely arranged, narrowly ovoid to narrowly oblong, 

 7-15 mm. long, 3-4 mm. thick, acute, terete, lustrous, yellow- 

 ish brown; scales rather firm, 3.5 mm. long, broadly ovate, 

 obtuse, not keeled; achenes obovate-orbicular, biconvex, tawny, 

 lustrous, with distinct, elevated, rectangular reticulations; 



stamens 3, the anthers nearly 1 mm. long. Aug.-Oct. 



Marine, wet places; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea, 



Manchuria, and China. 



16. Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl var. dichotoma. 

 Scirpus dichotomus L.; S. annuus All.; S. diphyllus Retz.; F. 



diphylla (Retz.) Vahl Ten-tsuki. Rhizomes very short 



or nearly absent; culms 15-50 cm. long, compressed, glabrous 

 or hairy; leaves flat, 1.5-5 mm. wide, abruptly acute, hairy, 

 rarely nearly glabrous, the sheath frequently hairy; inflores- 

 cence umbelliform, compound, usually somewhat hairy, the 

 lowest bract linear, longer or shorter than the inflorescence; 

 spikelets usually rather numerous, ovoid or narrowly so, 5-8 

 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. thick, terete, acute, sessile or short- 

 peduncled, fulvous to tawny, frequently somewhat reddish 

 brown, lustrous; scales ovate-orbicular, 2-3 mm. long, obtuse 

 and often short-mucronate, not keeled, glabrous; achenes 

 broadly obovate, 0.8-1.2 mm. long, biconvex, light yellow, with 

 elevated, transversely oblong reticulations; stamens 2 or 3, 

 the anthers 0.5-0.8 mm. long. Rather wet places in low- 

 lands; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; in all warmer 

 regions of the world. Very common and widely variable, the 



follov/ing forms noted from this area: Forma floribunda 



(Miq.) Ohwi. F. diphylla var. floribunda Miq. Kugu-ten- 



TsuKi. Robust; spikelets numerous; culms slightly thickened 



at base; nearly glabrous throughout. Forma tomentosa 



(Vahl) Ohwi. F. tomentosa Vahl; F. diphylla var. tomentosa 



(Vahl) Benth. Ke-ten-tsuki. Leaf-sheatiis densely to- 



mentose, otherwise as in F. floribunda. Forma depau- 



perata (C. B. Clarke) Ohwi. F. diphylla var. depauperata 

 C. B. Clarke Hosoba-ten-tsuki. Slender; leaves fili- 

 form; spikelets few, usually I or 2. 



Var. tashiroana (Ohwi) Ohwi. F. tashiroana Ohwi 



TsuKusHi-TEN-TSUKi. Leaves 1-2 mm. wide, glabrous; spike- 

 lets narrow, 8-15 mm. long, the lateral ones on long peduncles 

 2-7 cm. long; scales oblong, 4 mm. long; achenes obovate- 

 deltoid; anthers 1.2-1.8 mm. long. Aug.-Oct. Near moun- 

 tain hot springs; Kyushu. Forma cincta (Ohwi) Ohwi. 



F. tashiroana var. cincta Ohwi; ? F. dichotoma f. tomentosa 



X F. dichotoma var. tashiroana ^Ke-tsukushi-ten-tsuki. 



Leaves hairy, 2-3 mm. wide. 



17. Fimbristylis squarrosa Vahl. Pogonostylis squar- 



rosus (Vahl) Bertol. Aze-ten-tsuki. Culms densely 



tufted, slender, 10-20 cm. long, filiform; leaves filiform, with 

 slightly involute margins, 0.2-0.8 mm. wide, hairy, acute, the 

 sheaths pale, prominently hairy; inflorescence compound, 3-5 

 cm. long, the bracts 3-5, the lower 1 or 2 nearly as long as the 

 inflorescence; spikelets numerous, densely many-flowered, lan- 

 ceolate or broadly so, 4-10 mm. long, 1.5 mm. in diameter, 

 acute, ferrugineous; scales thinly membranous, oblong, 1.5-2 

 mm. long, keeled, obtuse, with a recurved awn 0.5-1 mm. 

 long; achenes light brown, biconvex, obovate, 0.8 mm. long, 

 smooth; style with long, pendent hairs at base; stamen 1, the 



anther oblong, 0.2 mm. long. ^Wet places in lowlands; 



Hokkaido, Honshu; common. ^Korea, Manchuria, China, 



India, Africa, and s. Europe. 



18. Fimbristylis velata R. Br. F. squarrosa var. esquar- 

 rosa Makino; F. ma\inoana Ohwi ^Me-aze-ten-tsuki. Al- 

 lied to the preceding; culms 10-25 cm. long; leaves and leaf- 

 sheaths hairy; spikelets lanceolate, 4-7 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. 

 wide, acute; scales thinly membranous, oblong, 1.5-2 mm. 

 long, the awn straight, 1/10-1/5 as long as the body of the 

 scale, smooth; achenes 0.5 mm. long, smooth, the style-base 

 with long, pendant hairs; stamen 1, the anther linear, 0.2 mm. 

 long. Aug.-Oct. Wet places in lowlands; Honshu, Shi- 

 koku, Kyushu; rather common. Korea, Manchuria, Ussuri, 



Malaysia, and Australia. 



19. Fimbristylis aestivalis (Retz.) Vahl. Scirpus aesti- 

 valis Retz.; F. leiocarpa Maxim.; F. tol{yoensis Makino ^Ko- 



aze-ten-tsuki. Very closely resembling the preceding; culms 

 5-15 cm. long, slender; leaves and leaf-sheaths hairy; spikelets 

 lanceolate, 3-7 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. across, acute; scales ob- 

 long or ovate, to 1.5 mm. long, brownish, obtuse and mucro- 

 nate; achenes obovate, 0.6 mm. long, lustrous, smooth, stra- 

 mineous; style-base often puberulent but not long-hairy; 



stamen I, the anther small, 0.2-0.3 mm. long. Aug.-Oct. 



Honshu; rare. Amur, Formosa, China, Indochina, India, 



Malaysia, and tropical Australia. 



7. BULBOSTYLIS Kunth HatagayaZoku 



Annuals or perennials; culms slender to capillary; leaves filiform, aggregated at the base of the culm; inflorescence terminal, 

 often umbelliform, simple to compound, sometimes capitate, usually with bracts at base; spikelets rather many-flowered; flowers 

 bisexual; scales spirally arranged; perianth absent; stamens 1-3; style slender, the base thickened and bulbous, persistent; stigmas 

 3; achenes obovate, 3-angled. In all tropical and warm-temperate regions, with about 90 species. 



lA. Spikelets and scales ferrugineous; scales with a recurved awn; achenes smooth 1. B. barbata 



IB. Spikelets and scales chestnut-brown; scales entire; achenes undulate-corrugate 2. B. densa 



