Cyperaceae 209 



1. Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) Kunth. Scirptts barba- Kunth Ito-hanabi-ten-tsuki. Annual; culms many, 



tus Rottb.; Isolepis barbata (Rottb.) R. Br.; Fimbrislylis bar- tufted, filiform, 5-40 cm. long; leaves aggregated at the base 



bata (Rottb.) Benth. Hatagaya. Tufted annual; culms of the culm, glabrous, much shorter than the culm, the sheaths 



numerous, erect, 5-30 cm. long, filiform, glabrous, longi- glabrous, with few long white hairs on the mouth; inflo- 



tudinally several-ribbed, leafy only at base; leaves much rescence with few to rather many spikelets, and 1-5 slender 



shorter dian the culm, filiform, glabrous, narrower dian the smooth rays 2-5 cm. long, the bracts setaceous or scaly, short; 



culm; sheaths 5-20 mm. long, ferrugineous, glabrous, with spikelets oblong, 3-5 mm. long, angled, chestnut-brown, the 



few long white hairs on the mouth; inflorescence a dense head lateral peduncled, the terminal sessile; scales ovate, about 2 



of 2-15 sessile spikelets, 5-12 mm. across, with few filiform mm. long, subacute, keeled; achenes pale, obovate-orbicular, 



bracts at base longer than the inflorescence; spikelets lanceo- 0.8 mm. long, 3-angled, inconspicuously undulate-corrugate 



late, angled, 3-8 mm. long, 2 mm. thick; scales ovate, about 2 and puncticulate; style-base bulbose. Aug.-Oct. Waste 



mm. long, with a recurved short awn; achenes obovate-orbicu- grounds and cultivated fields; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, 



lar, pale, smooth, 0.6-0.7 mm. long; style-base minute, de- Kyushu. Korea, Formosa, China, and India. 



pressed. Aug.-Oct. Abundant in waste grounds and culti- Var. capitata (Miq.) Ohwi. Isolepis capillaris var. capkata 



vated fields; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea, Ryukyus, Miq.; B. japonica C. B. Clarke; B. capillaris var. capitata 



Formosa, China, India, Malaysia, and AustraUa. (Miq.) Makino Ito-ten-tsuki, Kuro-hatacaya. Spike- 



2. Bulbostylis densa (Wall.) Hand.-Mazz. var. densa. lets or nearly all of them sessile, in a head. Aug.-Oct. 



Scirpus densiis Wall.; B. trifida Kunth; B. capillaris var. trifida Honshu (centr. distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryu- 



(Kunth) C. B. Clarke; B. capillaris sensu auct. Japon., non kyus. 



8. ELEOCHARIS R. Br. Harm Zoku 



Annuals or perennials, sometimes stoloniferous; culms tufted, naked; leaves basal, bladeless; spikelets solitary, many- to few- 

 flowered, terminal, without subtending bracts; scales usually spirally imbricate; flowers bisexual; brisdes 6 or fewer or some- 

 times absent; stamens 1-3; achenes 3-angled or lenticular, crowned by the thickened style-base; sugmas 2 or 3. Cosmopolitan, 



with more than 100 species. 



lA. Spikelet cylindrical, scarcely broader than the culm; scales herbaceous, appressed. 



2A. Culms sharply 3-angled, not septate; achenes reticulate with raised longitudinal and transverse lines I.E. fistiilosa 



2B. Culms terete, septate; achenes not longitudinally lined, the reticulations 4- to 6-angled. 



3A. Scales broadly elliptical, rounded or truncate; base of tubercle (or style-base) indistincdy discoid, thus the tubercle continuous 



with the achene; connective of anther projecting and deltoid at the tip 2. £. diilcis 



3B. Scales narrowly oblong, obtuse; base of tubercle distinctly discoid; connective of anther projecting and linear at the tip. 



3. £. ktiroguwai 

 IB. Spikelet conspicuously broader than the culm; scales usually membranous, not closely appressed. 

 4 A. Stigmas 3; achenes 3-angled. 



5A. Achene continuous, not constricted below the style base. 



6A. Body of achene 3 mm. long, tipped by a prominent disc; culms 25-50 cm. tall; spikelets about 10 mm. long. 4. E. margaritacea 

 6B. Body of achene 1 mm. long, without disc at tip; culms slender, flaccid, 3—5 cm. tall; spikelets about 3 mm. long. . . 5. E. parvtila 

 5B. Achene distinctly constricted below the style-base. 



7A. Delicate plant; scales of spikelets few, 2-ranked; achenes with raised transverse lines and longitudinal ribs. 



6. E. acicularis var. longiseta 

 7B. Slender to coarse plants; scales of spikelets numerous, spirally ranked; achenes smooth, without raised transverse lines. 

 8 A. Culms relatively slender, often rhizomatous at base, angled; spikelets 1-2 cm. long; style-base large, spongy. 



9A. Bristles retrorsely spinose; scales more or less coriaceous; culms acutely 4-angIed 7. £. tetraquetra 



9B. Bristles plumose; scales soft, obtuse; culms 3—6 angled or nearly terete 8. E. wichwae 



8B. Culms very slender, not sharply angled, usually densely tufted; spikelets less than 1 cm. long. 



1 OA. Style-base not more than Y^ as wide as the achene 9. E. congesta 



lOB. Style-base as broad as the achene or nearly so 10. E. attcnuata 



4B. Stigmas 2; achenes lenticular. 



11 A. Spikelets ovoid, 3-8 mm. long; culms slender; achenes lustrous; style-base spongy; tufted. 



12A. Achenes tawny when mature; style-base compressed, lamelliform; spikelets 4-8 mm. long, 3-4 mm. thick 1 1. E. ovala 



12B. Achenes black, lustrous; style-base depressed, hardly compressed; spikelets 3-5 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. thick. 



12. £. atropurpurca 

 IIB. Spikelets lanceolate to short-cylindric, usually 1-3 cm. long; achenes lusterless, turgid -biconvex; style-base spongy; culms more 

 or less stout, rhizomatous. 



13A. Style-base large, spongy, nearly as broad as the achene; only the lowest scale empty 13. E. kjimtschatica 



133. Style-base small, much narrower than the achene; lower 2 scales empty. 



14A. Bristles 5-6; culms thick, soft; spikelets ferrugineous 14. E. mamillata var. cyclocarpa 



14B. Brisdes 0-4; culms firmer. 



15A. Bristles firm, straight, nearly 3 times as long as the achene, densely retrorse-scabrous; achenes 1-1.2 mm. long; scales fer- 

 rugineous 15. E. pariiinux 



15B. Brisdes slender, 1.5 to 2 times as long as the achene, more or less flexuous, loosely retrorse-scabrous. 



16A. Culms with elevated ribs; scales sanguineous, very obtuse 16. E. valUculosa 



16B. Culms almost smooth; scales dark purplish red, obtuse to slightly acute 17. E. intcrsita 



