Cyperaceae 



211 



green, lustrous, nearly smooth, the style base compressed, 

 trigonous, 1/3-1/2 as broad as and 1/5-1/3 as long as the 

 achene, die brisdes 6, usually slighdy longer than the achene, 



retrorsely scabrous. June-Oct. Common in wet places; 



Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea, Manchuria, 



China, Formosa, and Philippines. 



Var. congesta. E. subproUjera Steud.; E. pellucida forma 



attenuata Ohwi, excl. syn. O-hari-i. Plant more robust, 



achenes larger, 1-1.2 mm. long, with firm brisdes more or 



less densely scabrous, 1.5 times as long as the achene. 



Honshu, Kyushu. India and Indochina. 



Var. thermalis (Hult.) T. Koyama. E. pellucida var. 

 thermalis (Hult.) Hara; Scirptis japonicus var. thermalis 



Hult.; E. japonica var. thermalis (Hult.) Hara Ezo-hari-i. 



Culms short, spikelets very rarely proliferous, rather loosely 

 flowered, scales somewhat keeled, dark sanguineous-fuscous; 



achenes olive-colored, 1.2 mm. long. Hokkaido, Honshu, 



Shikoku, Kyushu; rather rare. Kamchatka. 



Var. nipponica (Makino) Ohwi. E. nipponica Makino 



Yari-hari-i. Spikelets linear, sharp-dpped, 7-17 mm. 



long, 1.5-2.5 mm. thick; scales more obtuse than in the typical 

 phase; achenes 1-1.3 mm. long, the style base ovate-deltoid, 



'/z-% as wide as the body of the achene. Honshu, Kyushu; 



rare. 



10. Eleocharis attenuata (Fr. & Sav.) Palla var. levi- 



seta (Nakai) Hara. E. leviseta Nakai Ch6sen-hari-i. 



Resembles the preceding species; culms 30-50 cm. long, 

 densely tufted, ribbed, about 1 mm. thick; spikelets scarcely 

 proliferous, ovoid to narrowly so, densely many-flowered, 4-12 

 mm. long, 2.5-4 mm. thick; scales membranous, elliptic or 

 oblong, about 2 mm. long, rounded at apex, pale and reddish 

 ferrugineous; achenes obovate, 1.2 mm. long, tawny, lustrous, 

 smooth, obtusely 3-angled, the style base depressed, 2/3 to 

 nearly as wide as the body of the achene, rather acute on the 

 basal angles, the bristles 6, smooth, about as long as the body 



of the achene. July-Oct. Wet places; Honshu (Shinano 



Prov.; Kutsukake) ; rare. Korea. 



Var. attenuata. Scirpus attenuatiis Fr. & Sav.; E. pellucida 

 forma attenuata (Fr. & Sav.) Ohwi, pro parte; E. leviseta var. 



major (Hara) Hara; E. major Hara Sei-taka-hari-i. 



Brisdes retrorsely scabrous, usually slighdy longer than the 

 body of the achene. Wet places; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- 

 shu. Ryukyus. 



11. Eleocharis ovata (Roth) Roem. & Schult. Scirpus 

 ovatus Roem. & Schult.; S. soloniensis var. nipponica Hara 



Maru-ho-hari-i. Culms slender, tufted, sulcate, 6- 



40 cm. long; sheaths light green, the mouth transversely 

 truncate and short-mucronate; spikelets ovoid, densely many- 

 flowered, obtuse, 4-8 mm. long, 3-4 mm. thick, ferrugineous; 

 scales ovate, 2-2.5 nun. long, obtuse; achenes obovoid, pale, 

 tawny, 1 mm. long, lustrous, smooth, turgid-lenticular, the 

 style base compressed, deltoid, 1/2-2/3 as wide as the body of 

 the achene, the brisdes 6, twice as long as the achene, 



retrorsely scabrous, light ferrugineous. July-Oct. Wet 



places; Hokkaido, Honshu (n. and centr. distr.); rather rare. 

 Manchuria, Ussuri, Dahuria, India, and Europe. 



12. Eleocharis atropurpurea (Retz.) Presl. E. atropur- 



purea var. hashimotoi Ohwi Kuro-mino-hari-i. Delicate 



herb; culms tufted, nearly capillary, 5-15 cm. long, green, sul- 

 cate, the sheaths 5-15 mm. long, membranous, obliquely trun- 

 cate at apex; spikelets ovoid to narrowly so, 3-5 mm. long, 

 2-2.5 mm. thick, reddish purple; scales membranous, elliptic. 



obtuse, 1.5 mm. long; achenes deltoid-obovate, about 0.5 mm. 

 long, biconvex, black, lustrous, smooth, cuneate at base, ab- 

 ruptly contracted at apex, die style-base minute, depressed, 

 1/5-1/4 as wide as the body of the achene, the bristles 4-5, 

 delicate, white, longer than the body of the achene, slightly 



scabrous. July-Oct. Rare; Honshu (Onii Prov.), Kyushu. 



Formosa, India, Africa, Europe, and N. America. 



13. Eleocharis kamtschatica (C. A. Mey.) Komar. 

 Scirpus \amtschaticus C. A. Mey.; 5. sachalinensis Meinsh.; E. 

 savatieri C. B. Clarke; E. sachalinensis (Meinsh.) Komar.; 

 Scirpus mitratus Fr. & Sav.; E. mitrata (Fr. & Sav.) Makino; 



E. uniglumis sensu auct. Japon., non Schult. Hime-hari-i. 



Rhizomes sometimes elongate; culms slender, 20-50 cm. long, 

 1-1.5 mm. thick, terete, obsoletely striate, the sheaths 5-10 cm. 

 long, somewhat reddish, transversely truncate at apex, some- 

 times mucronate; spikelets ovoid to lanceolate, 7-20 mm. long, 

 3-5 mm. thick, acute, dark sanguineous and purplish brown; 

 only the lowest scale empty and clasping, the others narrowly 

 ovate, 4-5 mm. long, erect; achenes tawny, turgid-biconvex, 

 1-1.5 mm. long, nearly smooth, dull, the style base large, 

 spongy, ovate to deltoid, 1-2 mm. long, nearly as broad as the 

 achene, the bristles 5, slender, slightly shorter to as long as 

 the achene, retrorsely scabrous, or in forma reducta (Ohwi) 



Ohwi. KuRO-HARi-i, the bristles rudimentary or lacking. 



July-Oct. Wet places especially near the seacoast; Hokkaido, 



Honshu, Kyushu; rare. Korea, Ussuri, Sakhalin, Ku- 



riles, Kamchatka, and northern N. America. 



14. Eleocharis mamillata Lindb. f. var. cyclocarpa 

 Kitag. E. ussuriensis Zinserl.; E. palustris sensu auct. Japon., 

 saltem pro parte maj.; E. mamillata sensu auct. Japon., vix 

 Lindb. f. O-numa-hari-i, Numa-hari-i. Rhizomes elon- 

 gate; culms soft, terete, 30-70 cm. long, 1.5-5 mm. thick, 

 strongly compressed when dried, the sheaths hyaline, truncate 

 at apex, sometimes reddish at base; spikelets lanceolate to 

 ovoid, 1-3 cm. long, 3-6 mm. thick, rather obtuse at apex, 

 ferrugineous, densely many-flowered; scales broadly lanceolate 

 to narrowly ovate, 4-5 mm. long, slightly obtuse to acute; 

 achenes yellow to tawny, turgid-biconvex, slightly lustrous, 

 obovate-orbicular, 1.5-2 mm. long, nearly smoodi, the style 

 base depressed-deltoid, spongy, half as wide as the achene, the 

 bristles 5-6, twice as long as the achene, retrorsely scabrous. 



July-Oct. Shallow ponds and wet places; Hokkaido, 



Honshu, Kyushu; rather common. Korea, Manchuria, and 



Ussuri. The typical phase is widely distributed in the north- 

 ern part of the N. Hemisphere. 



15. Eleocharis parvinux Ohwi. Ko-tsubu-numa-hari-i. 

 Resembles the preceding, but smaller; culms 30-60 cm. long, 

 1-2 mm. thick; spikelets ellipsoid to broadly lanceolate, 7-15 

 mm. long, 3-4 mm. thick, ferrugineous; scales many, mem- 

 branous, erect, deltoid-lanceolate, 3-4 mm. long, acute; achenes 

 obovate, inflated-biconvex, 1-1.2 mm. long, the st>'le-base del- 

 toid, half as broad as the achene or narrower, the brisdes 4, 

 pale, rather firm, nearly 3 times as long as the body of the 



achene, not flexuous, somewhat densely scabrous. July-Oct. 



Wet places and shallow ponds in lowlands; Honshu (Kanto 

 Distr.). 



16. Eleocharis valleculosa Ohwi. Suji-numa-hari-i. 

 Rhizomatous; culms 30-50 cm. long, rather firm, slender, dis- 

 tincdy several ribbed, 1-2 mm. thick, the sheaths 5-10 cm. 

 long, hyaline, frequendy somewhat reddish; spikelets narrow- 

 ovate to lanceolate, 7-15 cm. long, 3-3.5 mm. thick; lower 2 

 scales empty and clasping, the others fertile, oblong, erect, 3-4 



