212 Cyperaceae 



mm. long, reddish brown, obtuse; achenes 1-1.3 mm. long, 1.5-3 mm. thick; spikelets narrowly to broadly ovate, rarely 



turgid-biconvex, yellowish, the style-base depressed, spongy, broadly lanceolate, 7-15 mm. long, 3-5 mm. wide; scales 



1/3 as broad as the achene, the bristles 4 in forma setosa narrowly ovate, 3—4 mm. long, dark purplish red, subacute to 



Kitag., slender, ferrugineous, retrorsely scabrous, often flexu- obtuse; achenes tawny, obovate or broadly so, 1.2-1.7 mm. 



ous, longer than the style base, sometimes none in forma val- long, turgid-biconvex, the style base deltoid, 1/3 to 1/2 as wide 



leculosa. July-Oct. Wet sandy places; Honshu (Kai, as the achene, the bristles 4, slender, ferrugineous, retrorsely 



Ugo), Kyushu; rare. ^Korea, Manchuria, and China. scabrous, longer than the style base, more or less flexuous. 



17. Eleocharis intersita Zinserl. E. pdustris sensu auct. July-Oct. Marshy places and shallow ponds in mountains; 



Japon., pro parte, non Roem. & Schult. Kuro-numa-hari-i, Hokkaido, Honshu (n. distr.). Sakhalin, Kuriles, Man- 



NuMA-HARi-i. Rhizomatous; culms terete, 30-60 cm. tall, churia, and e. Siberia. 



9. SCHOENUS L. Nogusa Zoku 



Culms solitary or tufted, few-leaved; radical leaves aggregated, slender, rather stiff, sheathing at base; spikelets narrow, 2- to 

 5-flowered, in a fascicle or panicle; flowers bisexual; scales 2-ranked, few, deciduous, the lower smaller and empty, the rachilla 

 slightly flexuous, rather thick; brisdes 6 to few or 0; stamens 3; achenes somewhat sunken in the rachilla, 3-angled, ovate, 

 beakless; style deciduous from the achene, hardly thickened at base; stigmas 3. Australia, s. Asia, and Africa. 



1. Schoenus apogon Roem & Schult. S. albescens (Fr. ceous or leaflike, sheathing below; spikelets compressed, lance- 



& Sav.) Matsum.; Chaetospora albescens Fr. & Sav.; C. japon- olate, 4-6 mm. long, acute, stramineous, usually somewhat 



tea Fr. & Sav. ^Nogusa. Culms tufted, many, slender, dark red-tinged, somewhat lustrous, with 5 or 6 scales; 



erect, 10-15 cm. long, smooth, 1- or 2-leaved; radical leaves achenes about 1 mm. long, obovoid-globular, whitish, turgid, 



erect, aggregated, about 0.5 mm. wide, the sheaths somewhat 3-angled, minutely reticulate, the bristles 6, nearly 2 mm. long, 



sanguineous, the mouth glabrous; corymbs 2 or 3, small, um- antrorsely scabrous, caducous. Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; 



belliform or capitate, bearing 2-10 spikelets, the bracts seta- rather rare. Ryukyus, Malaysia, and Australia. 



10. CAKPHA Banks & Soland. Inu-nogusa Zoku 



Low perennials; leaves basal; inflorescences corymbose or nearly capitate, with numerous spikelets, the terminal large, the 

 lateral smaller; bracts 1 or 2, leaflike; spikelets narrow, 3- to 6-scaled, 1- or 2-flowered; flowers bisexual; scales firmly mem- 

 branous, 2-ranked, the lower 2 or 3 empty, the fertile scales larger; bristles 6, usually plumose, scabrous at tip; stamens 3; style 

 thickened at base and continuous with the 3-angled achene; stigmas 3. ^Mainly Australian. 



1. Carpha aristata Kuekenth. Inu-nogusa. Roots mm. long, l-flowered, with 4 or 5 scales; scales stramineous, 



fibrous; culms slender, leafy, 40 cm. long; leaves about 6, the fertile prominently awned at apex; bristles 6, slightly 



shorter than the culm, soft, 1.5-2 mm. wide, the sheaths long, longer than the achene, antrorsely scabrous; achenes oblong, 



inflated; inflorescence divided in 2 parts, spikelike, oblong, 8- 3-angled, ferrugineous, minutely reticulate throughout. ^Re- 



12 mm. long; spikelets rather numerous, oblong-lanceolate, 5 ported in Kyushu (Nagasaki) by Kuekenthal. 



11. RHYNCHOSPORA Vahl Mikazukigusa Zoku 



Perennials; culms solitary, more or less leafy; leaves radical and also often cauline, linear; inflorescence simple or compound, 

 the partial inflorescence 1 to several, terminal and lateral, capitate, corymbose, or fascicled; spikelets lanceolate, brown or whitish, 

 few-scaled and few-flowered; scales 1-nerved, membranous, the lower empty; flowers bisexual, perianth usually of 6, sometimes 

 rather many, smooth or scabrous brisdes; achenes biconvex, beaked at apex with a thick persistent style-base; stigmas 2, some- 

 times almost undivided; stamens 2 or 3. Fifty to sixty species, mostly in tropical and temperate regions of both hemispheres, 



a few in cooler zones. 



lA. Spikelets in dense globose heads. 



2 A. Head solitary, terminal 1.7?. rubra 



2B. Heads 2-5 in a loose spike 2. R. malasica 



IB. Spikelets in densely to loosely corymbose partial inflorescences. 

 3A. Scales dark brown; bristles 6. 



4A. Spikelets 7-9 mm. long; bristles 2-4 times as long as the achene. 



5A. Brisdes 2 or 3 times as long as the achene, antrorsely scabrous 3. i?. chinensis 



5B. Bristles 3-4 times as long as the achene, minutely retrorsely scabrous or nearly smooth 4. i?. jauriei 



4B. Spikelets 3-6 mm. long; bristles about as long as the achene. 



6A. Corymbs rather large, nodding, with numerous spikelets, the branches slightly curved and elongate 5. R. brownii 



6B. Corymbs small, erect, with rather few spikelets, the branches erect and short. 



7A. Achenes narrowly oblong; plant of mountains 6. R. yasiidatia 



7B. Achenes obovate; plants of lowlands. 



8A. Achenes narrowly obovate, the bristles slender 7. R. jujiiana 



8B. Achenes broadly obovate, the bristles rather stout and firm 8. R. fabcti 



3B. Scales white to pale brown, smooth, lustrous; bristles 9-15 9. R. alba 



