Cyperaceae 



213 



1. Rhynchospora rubra (Lour.) Makino. Schoenus 



ruber Lour.; R. walUchiana Kunth Iga-kusa. Rather 



firm perennial; culms 20-40 cm. long, slender, obtusely angled, 

 erect, smooth, rather firm, leafy only at base; leaves stiff, 1.5-3 

 mm. wide; inflorescence a solitary, terminal, globular head 15 

 mm. across, with numerous sessile spikelets; involucral bracts 

 leaflike, spreading or reflexed; spikelets 6-7 mm. long, some- 

 what distichously 5-6 scaled, tawny-stramineous; achenes ob- 

 ovate, dark brown, 1.5-1.8 mm. long, smooth, short-setulose on 

 upper margin, the beak small, conical, the style long, un- 

 divided; brisdes 6, half as long as the achene, antrorsely 



scabrous. Aug.-Oct. Wet sunny grassy places; Honshu 



(Kadzusa Prov. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryukyus, 



Formosa, China, Indochina, India, and Malaysia. 



2. Rhynchospora malasica C. B. Clarke. R. nipponica 

 Makino Mikurigaya. Rhizomes elongate, the sterile inno- 

 vations elongate; culms 40-100 cm. long, stout; leaves on the 

 upper 2/3 of the culm, flat, rather firm, deep green, 5/8 mm. 

 wide; basal sheaths bladeless, rusty-brown; heads 5-8, in an 

 interrupted spike, globose, 1.5 cm. across, with numerous ses- 

 sile spikelets; lower bracts leaflike, sheathless; spikelets lanceo- 

 late-ovoid, lustrous, acuminate, 6-7 mm. long, 1-flowered, red- 

 dish stramineous; achenes broadly obovate, shining, 2 mm. 

 long, smooth and often minutely wrinkled, the beak slender, 

 the style slender, the stigmas 2 mm. long, 2-cleft; brisdes 6, 



smooth, twice as long as the achene. Sept.-Oct. Marshy 



places; Honshu (Tokaido, Kinki Distr.), Kyushu; rare. 



Ryukyus, Formosa, and Malaysia. 



3. Rhynchospora chinensis Nees & Mey. R. glauca var. 

 chinensis (Nees & Mey.) C. B. Clarke; R. japonica Makino; R. 



longisetigera Hayata Inu-no-hana-hige. Culms slender, 



30-60 cm. long, smoodi, very loosely few-leaved; leaves 2-3.5 

 mm. wide; corymbs 3-5, erect, interrupted, the peduncles un- 

 equal; spikelets broadly lanceolate, 7-8 mm. long, with 4 or 5 

 scales, usually 2-flowered, dark brown; achenes broadly ob- 

 ovate, glabrous, 2-2.2 mm. long, with inconspicuous transverse 

 wrinkles, die beak slighdy shorter than the achene, deltoid, 

 flattened, glabrous; bristles 6, slender, 4-5.5 mm. long, an- 

 trorsely scabrous. July-Oct. Wet and swampy places; 



Honshu (centr. distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Ko- 

 rea, Ryukyus, Formosa, China, India, and Malaysia. 



4. Rhynchospora fauriei Franch. 0-inu-no-hana-hige. 

 Rhizomes abbreviated; culms 20-60 cm. long, slender, smooth, 

 very loosely few-leaved; leaves 1.5-2.5 mm. wide; corymbs 2 

 or 3, the branches short; spikelets broadly lanceolate, 7-8 mm. 

 long, dark reddish brown; achenes broadly obovate, glabrous, 

 2 mm. long, faintly transversely wrinkled, the beak slightly 

 shorter than the achene, deltoid, glabrous; bristles 6, slender, 

 3-4 times as long as the achene, retrorsely scabrous. July- 

 Oct. Wet places; Hokkaido, Honshu (Mimasaka Prov. and 

 eastw.), Kyushu. 



5. Rhynchospora brownii Roem. & Schult. R. glauca 



sensu auct. Asiat., non Vahl Tora-no-hana-hige. Culms 



slender, 60-80 cm. long, very loosely few-leaved; leaves chiefly 

 radical, rather firm, 1.5-2.5 mm. wide; corymbs 2-3, the 

 branches to 4 cm. long, nodding; spikelets narrowly ovate, 

 dark brown, 3-4.5 mm. long, few-flowered; achenes 2 mm. 



long, broadly ovate, glabrous, faintly transversely rugose, the 

 beak about half as long as the achene, compressed, deltoid; 

 bristles 6 or 7, reddish brown, slightly shorter than the achene, 



antrorsely scabrous. Aug.-Oct. Wet places; Honshu (s. 



part of Kinki, Chugoku Distr.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryu- 

 kyus, Formosa, and widely distributed in tropical and sub- 

 tropical regions of the Old World. 



6. Rhynchospora yasudana Makino. R. jranchetiana 



C. B. Clarke, pro parte Miyama-inu-no-hana-hige. Mostly 



tufted; culms slender, 15-30 cm. long; leaves 1-2 mm. wide; 

 corymbs 4-6, narrow, short, erect, with a few spikelets; spike- 

 lets lanceolate, dark brown, 5-6 mm. long; achenes narrowly 

 oblong, 2-2.5 mm. long, light tawny, nearly smooth, the beak 

 nearly 2 mm. long, glabrous; bristles 6, slightly longer than 



the achenes, erect, slender, retrorsely scabrous. High moors 



and wet slopes in high mountains; sw. Hokkaido, Honshu 

 (Mount Hyonosen in Tajima Prov. and eastward). 



7. Rhynchospora fujiiana Makino. R. jauriei var. 

 leviseta C. B. Clarke; R. jranchetiana C. B. Clarke, pro parte; 



R. coreana Palla Ko-inu-no-hana-hige. Tufted in small 



clumps, often forming a large colony; culms slender, 30-100 

 cm. long, few-leaved; radical leaves linear, 1-1.5 mm. wide; 

 corymbs 4-5, interrupted, dense, with a few spikelets; spikelets 

 lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long, dark reddish brown; achenes broadly 

 obovate, 2 mm. long, faintly transversely wrinkled, the beak 

 slighdy shorter than the achene; brisdes 6, slightly longer than 



the achene, smooth. Wet places in lowlands; Hokkaido, 



Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. The following are based 

 on variations of the bristles: Forma scabriseta (Makino) 

 T. Koyama. R. jujiiana var. scabriseta Makino. Bristles an- 

 trorsely scabrous. Forma retrososcabra ? (Takeda) T. Ko- 

 yama. R. jujiiana var. retrososcabra ? Takeda. Brisdes re- 

 trorsely scabrous. — — Korea. 



8. Rhynchospora faberi C. B. Clarke. R. miya\eana 

 Makino; R. umemurae Makino; R. hattoriana Makino; R. 

 breviseta Palla; R. umemurae var. ya\ushimensis Masam.; R. 



ya\ushimensis Masam. Ito-inu-no-hana-hige, Hime-inu- 



NO-HANA-HiGE. Slender, loosely tufted herb; culms 10-40 

 cm. long, filiform; leaves 0.5-1 mm. wide, nearly filiform; 

 corymbs 3-4, small, very distant, with 2-5 spikelets: spikelets 

 narrowly ovate, dark brown; achenes broadly obovate, 1.5-2 

 mm. long, transversely wrinkled, dark reddish brown, the 

 beak elongate-deltoid; bristles 6, slighdy longer than the 

 achene, retrorsely scabrous. July-Oct. Wet places in low- 

 lands; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. 



Korea, China, and Ussuri. 



9. Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl. Schoenus albus L.; 

 R. alba var. I^iushiana Makino Mikazukigusa. Slen- 

 der herbs; culms 10-60 cm. long, smooth; leaves filiform, in- 

 volute, 0.5-1.5 mm. wide; corymbs 1-3, loosely arranged, 

 small; spikelets lanceolate, whitish, 4-6 mm. long; achenes 

 obovate, 2-2.5 mm. long, with faint transverse wrinkles, the 

 beak half as long as the achene, compressed, glabrous; bristles 

 9-15, longer than the achene, retrorsely scabrous, with minute 



ascending ciliae near base. July-Oct. Wet places and bogs; 



Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu (rare). Europe, Asia, and c. 



N. .'\merica. 



12. CLADIUM R. Br. 



HiTO-MOTO-SUSUKI ZoKU 



Rather large perennials; culms usually sparsely leafy; radical leaves narrow, dorsiventrally compressed, usually thick and 

 rigid, the ligule inconspicuous; inflorescence a compound panicle, the partial inflorescences corymbose, flat or convex at apex; 



