214 



Cyperaceae 



spikelets few-scaled, 1- to 7-flowered, the lower scales small and empty, the upper gradually enlarged, the uppermost empty or 

 sterile; achenes 3-angled, coriaceous or spongy, drupe-like, glabrous, beakless; stigmas 3. Few species, mainly tropical. 



1. Cladium chinense Nees. C. japonicum Steud.; C. 

 mariscus sensu auct. Japon., non R. Br.; C. jamaicense sensu 



auct. Japon., non Crantz Hito-moto-susuki, Shishi-kiri- 



GAYA. Culms stout, 1-2 m. long, with several nodes, ob- 

 tusely 3-angled, smooth, sometimes with axillary tufts of leaves 

 at nodes; leaves flat, with loosely incurved margin below, 8-10 

 mm. wide, very coarse and firm, coarsely serrulate-scabrous on 

 margins, caudately acuminate in a long, subulate, somewhat 

 3-angled apex; partial inflorescences 5-7, corymbose, 4-8 cm. 



across, with very numerous, dense spikelets; spikelets oblong 

 when mature, brown, 3 mm. long; scales broadly ovate, obtuse, 

 about the 7 lower ones small and empty, the 3 upper large and 

 nearly equal; achenes broadly ovoid, 2.5 mm. long, tawny, 



truncate, excavated at base. Aug.-Oct. Wet places near 



the seacoast; Honshu (Awa and Noto Prov. and westw.), 



Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryukyus, Formosa, s. Korea, China, 



India, Malaysia, and Australia. 



13. MACHAERINA Vahl Anpera-i Zoku 



Moderate to large perennial herbs, often with long stolons; culms obscurely trigonous, leafy at base; leaves slender, terete or 

 laterally flattened, rarely bladeless, long-sheathing; ligule almost wanting; inflorescence a slender compound panicle, partial 

 panicles spicate or paniculate, not corymbose, with many spikelets; spikelets bisexual, with 2-ranked few scales, the lower scales 

 small and empty, the upper (usually 1) perfect; achenes obscurely trigonous, coriaceous, glabrous, crowned by a conical or 

 sometimes depressed usually hispidulous beak; stigmas 3; hypogynous bristles 3 or none. About 70 species, chiefly in Oceania. 



1. Machaerina nipponensis (Ohwi) Ohwi & T. Ko- 

 yama. M. rubiginosa var. nipponensis T. Koyama; Cladium 

 nipponense Ohwi; C. glomeratum sensu auct. Japon., non R. 

 Br.; Chapelliera glomerata sensu Franch. & Sav., non Nees 



^Nebikigusa, Anpera-i. Rhizomes elongate; culms 60- 



100 cm. long, smooth, nearly terete, 1-leaved near the middle; 

 leaves radical, fascicled, smooth, linear, 3-4 mm. across, gradu- 

 ally narrowed to the obtuse apex, somewhat cinereous; cauline 



leaves sheathlike, 10-15 cm. long, with a subulate apex; in- 

 florescences 3-5, loosely disposed in slender compound pan- 

 icles, bearing fascicles of 5-8 spikelets, the bracts nearly blade- 

 less; spikelets 5-6 mm. long, red-brown, 6- to 7-flowered; 

 achenes oblong, obtusely 3-angled, glabrous, with a densely 



hairy style-base. June-Oct. Wet places; Honshu (Tokaido 



and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryukyus and (?) China. 



14. SCLERIA Berg. Shinjugaya Zoku 



Usually perennial; culms stout to slender, 3-angled, leafy; leaves linear, sheathing at base, the ligule usually distinct; spikelets 

 unisexual or androgynous, in several terminal and lateral paniculate partial inflorescences, few-scaled; pistillate spikelets 

 1-flowered; achenes globular, sometimes obscurely 3-angled, rugose, clathrate or smooth, usually lustrous, glabrous or puberulent; 

 hypogynium (disc surrounding ovary at base) attached below the achene, 3-lobed or rarely entire, usually depressed; achene 

 with attached hypogynium falling from the receptacle. ^More than 100 species, in all tropical regions. 



lA. Rhizomes stout, short-creeping; partial inflorescences large, with many spikelets; achenes nearly smooth. 



2A. Hypogynium orbicular or very obscurely 3-lobed; leaf-sheaths wingless or 3-winged 1.5. terrestris 



2B. Hypogynium distinctly 3-lobed, the lobes ovate-deltoid, acute; leaf-sheaths always 3-winged 2. S. levis 



IB. Rhizomes absent; partial inflorescences smaller, 1—3 cm. long, with few spikelets; bracts nearly erect; achenes reticulate. 

 3A. Hypogynium 3-lobed, the lobes acute. 



4A. Achenes with surfaces of the reticulation dull, the depressed pits lustrous; leaf-sheaths wingless 3. S. mikfiwana 



4B. Achenes wholly lustrous; leaf-sheaths 3-winged 4. S. parvula 



3B. Hypogynium 3-lobed, the lobes very obtuse; leaf-sheaths wingless 5. 5. rugosa 



1. Scleria terrestris (L.) Fassett. Zizania terrestris L.; 5-8 mm. wide, gradually acuminate, the sheaths broadly 3- 

 S. elata Thw.; S. doederleiniana Boecklr.; S. luzonensis Palla; winged; partial inflorescences usually 2, sometimes only 1, the 



S. scrobiculata sensu auct. Japon., non Nees & Mey. O-shin- terminal larger, 4-5 cm. long, with obliquely spreading 



jugaya. Rather coarse perennial; culms 60-100 cm. long, branches; spikelets 3-4 mm. long; achenes globular, white, 

 acutely angled, retrorsely scabrous; leaves stiff, 5-12 mm. wide, lustrous, sparsely puberulent, about 2.5 mm. across; hypo- 

 gradually acuminate, scabrous, the sheath winged, or in de- gynium 3-lobed, the lobes ovate-deltoid, acute, flat. July- 



pauperate specimens wingless; partial inflorescences 3-5, 4-8 Oct. Wet slopes; Honshu (Kii Prov.), Shikoku, Kyushu. 



cm. long, the branches spreading, hispid-scabrous; spikelets Bonins, Ryukyus, Formosa, China, India, Malaysia, and Aus- 



numerous, 3-5 mm. long; achenes globular, about 2.5 mm. tralia. 



across, white to gray, lustrous, loosely and minutely puberu- 3. Scleria mikawana Makino. ^Mikawa-shinjugaya. 



lent; hypogynium appressed, orbicular, scarcely lobed, rather Culms 30-50 cm. long, acutely angled, smooth; leaves 2.5-4 



thickened on margin. July-Oct. (Kyushu (Yakushima). mm. wide, nearly smooth, glabrous, gradually narrowed and 



Ryukyus, Formosa, China, India, Malaysia, and Australia. obtuse at apex, the sheaths wingless ; partial inflorescences 2-3, 



2. Scleria levis Retz. S. hebecarpa Nees; S. zeylanica erect, 1.5-3 cm. long, the branches smooth; spikelets 4-5 mm. 



Poir.; S. japonica Steud.; S. pubescens Steud. Shinjugaya. long; achenes white, tawny at maturity, nearly globose, about 



Culms rather stiff, 60-80 cm. long, acutely angled, usually 2 mm. across, glabrous, lustrous in the hollows, dull on the 



retrorsely scabrous on the angles; leaves rather firm, scabrous, raised reticulations; hypogynium 3-lobed, the lobes flat, ovate. 



