218 Cyperaceae 



53B. Leaves with recurved or reflexed margins. 



55A. Perigynia densely puncticulate, nerveless; sheaths of culm-base at least somewhat reddish purple; usually in 

 costal swamps. 



56A. Pistillate spikes pendulous on long capillary peduncles 41. C. lyngbyei 



56B. Pistillate spikes sessUe or short-peduncled, erect 40. C. ramenskfi 



55B. Perigynia smooth or nearly so. 



57A. Leaf-sheaths of culm-base completely bladeless, reddish purple; perigynia with slender nerves. 



5 8 A. Perigynia ovate-oval, abruptly short-beaked; alpine or subalpine regions 42. C. aphyllopus 



58B. Perigynia narrowly ovate, gradually attenuate-beaked; mountainous areas of Chugoku District. 43. C. impura 

 57b. Leaf-sheaths of the culm-base, at least some of them, bladed, light to dark brown, rarely somewhat reddish 

 purple; perigynia nerveless. 

 59A. Leaf -blades 2-3 mm. wide; perigynia nearly beakless, with entire mouth; wet places in lowlands. 



44. C. cinerascens 

 59B. Leaf-blades 3-5 mm. wide; perigynia short-beaked, the beak minutely bidentate; along streams and valleys 



in mountainous regions 45. C. heteroUpis 



52B. Rhizomes very short; culms tufted. 



60A. Leaf-sheaths of the culm-base not fibrously reticulate, membranous; species of alpine regions in Hokkaido. 



61A. Leaves flaccid; terminal spike usually gynecandrous; perigynia weakly nerved 46. C. eleusinoides 



61B. Leaves rigid; terminal spike usually staminate; perigynia nerveless 47. C. bigelouiii 



60B. Leaf -sheaths of the culm-base splitting ventrally into reticulate fibers, subcoriaceous dorsally. 

 62A. Perigynia not puncticulate, smooth or papillose. 



63A. Perigynia papillose, if smooth spikelets 8-10 mm. wide when mature; species of damp meadows. 



64A. Pistillate spikes short-cylindric, 10-14 mm. wide; perigynia distinctly inflated, loosely inclosing the achene. 



49. C. maximowiczii 

 64B. Pistillate spikes cylLndric, 5-7 mm. wide; perigynia not inflated and tightly inclosing the achene. 

 65A. Terminal spikes gynecandrous; sheaths of the culm-base dark brown. 



66A. Pistillate scales acute or subacute, mucronate; perigynia 4- or 5-nerved on both sides. . . 50. C. subcernua 



66B. Pistillate scales emarginate and short-awned at apex; perigynia nerveless 51. C. dimorpholepis 



65B. Terminal spikes staminate, rarely androgynous or bearing the pistillate flowers in middle part; lateral 

 spikelets pistillate or rarely androgynous; sheaths of the culm-base brown or yellowish brown. 



52. C. phacota 

 63B. Perigynia smooth or somewhat sparsely resinous-puncticulate. 



67 A. Sheaths of the culm-base brownish, somewhat reddish; perigynia vivid green when dried; bordering streams 



and mountain ravines 53. C. otaruensis 



67b. Sheaths of the culm-base dark brown to chestnut brown. 



68A. Perigynia much-inflated, brownish when mature; achene loosely inclosed in the perigynium; spikelets erect. 



54. C. aequialta 

 68B. Perigynia tightly inclosing the achene or only slightly turgid, light green or yellowish when dried; spike- 

 lets nodding or somewhat pendulous; species of damp forests or on rocks. 



69A. Culms smooth; leaves nearly smooth; perigynia few-nerved and slightly turgid 55. C. fabellata 



69B. Culms and leaves scabrous; perigynia nearly nerveless and not turgid 56. C. \iotensis 



62B. Perigynia densely puncticulate; species of sphagnum-moors. 



70A. Perigynia prominently few-nerved, 3.5-4.5 mm. long, grayish green 57. C. middendorffii 



70B. Perigynia nerveless, 2-2.5 mm. long. 



71A. Sheaths of the culm-base dark brown; lowest bract leaflike; pistillate scales broadly lanceolate; perigynia 



turgid, loosely inclosing the achene 58. C. schmidtii 



71B. Sheaths of the culm-base dark reddish; lowest bract setaceous or scalelike; pistillate scales oblong; perigynia 



elliptic and tightly inclosing the achene 59. C. caespitosa 



48B. Perigynia scabrous on the margins or at least so on beak; sheaths of the culm-base bladeless. 



72A. Sheaths of the culm-base dark brown, splitting ventrally into reticulate fibers; stream sides in mountains. . . 48. C. forficula 

 72B. Sheaths of the culm-base reddish purple or sanguineous. 



73A. Perigynia oval, much compressed, thin-membranous, abruptly short beaked; sandy places in subalpine regions. 



60. C. angustisquama 

 73B. Perigynia ovate to lanceolate, gradually attenuate-beaked. 



74A. Perigynia narrowly ovate, the long beak bifurcate into 2 long recurved lobes; stigmas very long, persistent; achenes 



tightly inclosed in the perigynium; rocky areas in alpine regions 61. C. doenitzii 



74B. Perigynia lanceolate, with a sharply bidentate beak; stigmas not very long, deciduous; achenes small. 

 75A. Pistillate spikes oblong-cylindric; perigynia ovate to broadly elliptic, about 5 mm. long, short-stipitate. 



62. C. scitaeformis 

 75B. Pistillate spikes ovoid to globose, large; perigynia linear-lanceolate, 12-15 mm. long, with a long, sparsely hairy 



stipe; fields 63. C. podogyna 



47B. Lowest bract sheathing at base, or, if bracts not sheathing, then achenes trigonous with a 3-cleft style. 

 76A. Tips of perigynia membranous, bidentate or entire. 



77A. Lowest bract not sheathing at base, leaflike to scalelike; style 3-fid. 

 78A. Perigynia hairy. 



79A. Perigynia nerveless; ligule obsolete. 



80A. Perigynia compressed-trigonous, rounded and not angled dorsally, gradually tapering into a beak; leaves sparsely 



hairy; staminate scales minutely ciliate; pine forests 128. C. mira 



SOB. Perigynia obtusely, sometimes indistinctly trigonous, not compressed, abruptly beaked; leaves glabrous. 



