Cyperaceae 219 



81A. Culms rigid, erect, 5-15 cm. long; leaves stiff; pistillate scales ciliolate; perigynia 2 mm. long; gravelly places in 



alpine regions 129. C. melanocarpa 



81 B. Culms weak, reclining, often longer, to 50 cm. long; scales not ciliate. 

 82A. Scales purple-brown. 



82AA. Perigj'nia obscurely angled, globose-obovoid, sparsely hispidulous, often nearly glabrous when mature; alpine 



meadows 130. C. vanheurckii 



82BB. Perigynia obtusely trigonous, narrowly ovate to elliptic, rarely (in var. hnceata) narrowly lanceolate, 



pubescent; subalpine woods 131. C. oxyandra 



82B. Scales tawny or pale 131a. C. chinoi 



79B. Perigynia conspicuously nerved; ligule prolonged, scarious, dorsally 2-Iobed; leaves pilose; forest hillsides. 



127. C. gijuensis 

 78B. Perigynia glabrous or scabrous, sometimes densely papillose. 



83A. Perig>'nia grayish, densely papillose, compressed-trigonous; scales cupreus or dark reddish purple; swamps. 

 84A. Pistillate spikes pendulous on long peduncles. 



85A. Perigynia 2.5-3 mm. long, almost beakless; pistillate scales long-acuminate; pistillate spikes 2 or 3. 



133. C. patipercula 

 85B. Perig^'nia 3.5-4 mm. long, short-beaked; pistillate scales sharply mucronate; pistillate spikes 1 or 2. . 132. C. limosa 

 843. Pistillate spikes erect, sessile. 



86A. Plant densely tufted; sheaths of the culm-base chestnut brown; pistillate scales obtuse 73. C. meyeriana 



86B. Plant long-rhizomatous; sheaths of the culm-base reddish purple; pistillate scales abruptly short-awned. 



74. C. buxbatimli 

 83B. Perigynia not grayish, smooth or scabrous. 



87A. Perigynia compressed or compressed-trigonous, loosely inclosing the achene; spikelets or scales usually dark brown 

 to dark reddish purple; pistillate spikes 1-3 cm. long. 

 88A. Pistillate scales 1-1.5 mm. long, obtuse; perigynia slightly to scarcely compressed. 



89A. Pistillate spikes 6-8 mm. long, elliptic to oblong; perigynia orange-yellow, firm -membranous; alpine regions. 



64. C. lehmannii 

 89B. Pistillate spikes 1-2 (-4) cm. long, short-cylindric; perigynia light green, thin-membranous; banks along moun- 

 tain streams. 

 90A. Culms scabrous above; perigynia longer than the scales, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, with a short recurved 



beak; stream-banks in high mountains 66. C. atigustinowiczii 



90B. Culms smooth; perigynia 2 or 3 times as long as the scales, lanceolate, long-beaked; along streams in low 



mountains 67. C. ctirvicollis 



88B. Pistillate scales 2-2.5 mm. long, acute to acuminate; perigynia distinctly compressed. 

 91A. Terminal spike gynecandrous, if entirely staminate, the perigynia strongly nerved. 

 92A. Perigj'nia thin-membranous, nerveless; species of alpine meadows. 



93A. Sheaths of the culm-base cinnamon colored; spikes with staminate flowers at base; perigynia thin-mem- 

 branous 68. C. mertensii var. urostachys 



93B. Sheaths of the culm-base purplish red; basal spikes pistillate; perigynia thick-membranous. 



69. C. alrata var. japonalpina 



92B. Perigynia somewhat coriaceous, strongly nerved; sandy seashores 70. C. gmelinii 



91B. Terminal spike entirely staminate. 



94A. Perigynia smooth on the margins 71. C. flat/ocuspis 



94B. Perig>'nia setulose-scabrous on margins 72. C. scita 



87B. Perig>'nia not compressed; pistillate spikes 1-1.5 cm. long. 



95A. Bracts scalelike; lateral spikes sessile, spreading at right angles; inflorescence a dense panicle 3-8 cm. long; sandy 



places 166. C. satsumensis 



95B. Bracts leaflike; lateral spikes nearly erect or on erect peduncles; inflorescence a loose raceme. 

 96A. Perigynia brownish or blackish when dried; species of wet places. 



97A. Perigj'nia nerveless or few-nerved, obtusely angled, beak often reflexed. 



98.'\. Pistillate scales long-awned at apex, pale; perigynia scabrous 183. C. nemostachys 



98B. Pistillate scales awnless, sometimes cuspidate, often purple-brown on both sides; perigynia smooth. 



184. C. dispalata 

 97B. Perigynia distinctly nerved, inflated, loosely inclosing the achene, glabrous. 



99A. Pistillate scales short-awned; leaves whitish beneath; pistillate spikes very densely many-flowered. 



179. C. olivacea var. angustior 

 99B. Pistillate scales awnless; leaves pale green beneath; pistillate spikes rather densely many-flowered. 



lOOA. Perigynia 10-12 mm. long, oblong-ovoid 177. C. idzuroei 



lOOB. Perigynia about 6 mm. long, ovoid-oval 178. C. hymenodon 



96B. Perigynia somewhat lustrous, green when dried, smooth; forests. 



lOlA. Culm-base dark purplish; terminal spike g)'necandrous, clavate; perigynia ascending 65. C. pei\titsanii 



lOlB. Culm-base stramineous; terminal spikes nearly always staminate, linear; perigynia spreading to slightly re- 

 curved. 

 102A. Leaves whitish beneath; perigynia light green, beak erect to somewhat recurved. 



103A. Pistillate spikes oblong to short-cylindric, 1-3 cm. long; leaves 2-4 mm. wide, slightly whitish be- 

 neath. 

 104A. Pistillate spikes peduncled; perigynia gradually long-beaked; stigmas slightly longer than the 

 perigynium, slender, persistent 161. C. japonira 



