220 Cyperaceae 



104B. Pistillate spikes usually sessile; perigynia strongly inflated, abruptly short-beaked; stigmas short, 



deciduous after anthesis 162. C. aphanolepis 



I03B. Pistillate spikes cylindric, 3-7 cm. long; leaves 5-10 mm. wide, distinctly whitish beneath. 



163. C. doniana 

 102B. Leaves thin, fresh green, somewhat paler beneath; perigynia fresh green, widely spreading or somewhat 

 reflexed, beak erect. 

 105A. Spikes contiguous or approximate, the lowest one peduncled, the lowest bract leaflike, nearly erect; 



pistillate scales slightly yellowish when immature 164. C. planiculmis 



105B. Spikes contiguous to overlapping, sessile, the lowest bract reflexed; pistillate scales pale. 



165. C. molUcula 

 77b. Lowest bract sheathing at base; style 2- or 3-fid. 

 106A. Style 2-fid; achenes compressed-lenticular. 



107 A. Leaves 8-12 mm. wide; spikes light green, unisexual; perigynia glabrous; beak of achenes with an annulate base; 



flowering in spring; seacoasts 114. C. matsumurae 



107B. Leaves 1—4 mm. wide; spikes reddish brown, mostly androgynous; perigynia scabrous; achenes without any ap- 

 pendix at apex; flowering in late summer. 

 108A. Stigmas much-elongate, 6-8 mm. long, much longer than the perigynia, persistent; pistillate scales narrowly oblong. 



173. C. teinogyna 

 108B. Stigmas shorter than the perigynia, deciduous; pistillate scales oblong to ovate. 



109A. Pistillate part of spikelets densely flowered; perigynia strongly nerved, scabrous on both sides. 



IIOA. Leaves yellowish green to bright green; spikes narrowly cylindric, 2-3 mm. thick, stramineous; perigynia small, 



2.5-2.7 mm. long; open dry woods near the seacoast 168. C. brunnea 



HOB. Leaves very stiff, yellowish to dark green; spikes cylindric to oblong, 3.5-4 mm. wide; perigynia 3-3.5 mm. 



long; woods of inland hills 169. C. lenta 



109B. Pistillate part of spikes somewhat loosely flowered; perigynia faintly nerved, scabrous on the margins only. 



Ill A. Terminal spike staminate, the others androgynous 170. C. autumnalis 



11 IB. Spikes all androgynous. 



112A. Rather stout herb to 1 m. high; leaves 3-4 mm. wide; perigynia about 1.8 mm. wide, with a very short, 



rather fiat stipe 171. C. nachiana 



112B. Slender herb to 40 cm. high; leaves 1—3 mm. wide; perigynia less dian 1.5 mm. wide, with an elongate stipe. 



172. C. sacrosancta 

 106B. Style 3-fid; achenes trigonous to compressed-trigonous. 



113A. Achenes with an annular or beaklike appendage at apex, not compressed; perigynia membranous, light green, obtusely 

 3-angled. 

 114A. Perigynia small, 2-5(— 6) mm. long; achenes crowned by a sessile annular appendage. 



11 5 A. Perigynia lageniform; annular appendage at apex of achenes sessile, continuous with the achene-body, 0.7 mm. 

 wide, concave at apex, the short straight style from the depressed center; forests or grassy places. 

 116A. Pistillate scales obtuse, mucronate; perigynia ovoid-fusiform, 3-3.5 mm. long, shallowly constricted above the 



middle 83. C. jormosensis 



116B. Pistillate scales not mucronate; perigynia more plump, broader, scarcely constricted above the middle. 



84. C. genkaienAs 

 115B. Perigynia ovoid, ellipsoidal, or rhomboidal; appendage of achenes discoid, about Yi as wide as the body. 



117A. Plants small, low, usually the pistillate spikes densely flowered, oblong or narrowly so, the lowest bract usually 

 short-sheathing at base. 

 118A. Staminate scales ferrugineous, tawny or reddish brown, awnless. 



119A. Basal sheaths brownish or pale, nearly entire; perigynia pubescent or glabrous. 



120A. Pistillate spikes wholly radical, except the uppermost, hidden in the tuft of leaves 85. C. pudica 



120B. Pistillate spikes wholly cauline, except the lowest one. 



121 A. Basal sheaths yellowish brown, lustrous; leaves about 2 mm. wide; staminate spike filiform, in- 

 conspicuous 86. C. mitrata 



121B. Basal sheaths brownish to pale; leaves 2.5—4 mm. wide; staminate spike lanceolate, conspicuous. 



122A. Plant tufted; innovations short, ascending, extravaginal; perigynia sparsely puberulent or more 

 often nearly glabrous, nerveless, the stipe much thickened, white when mature. 



87. C. subimbdlata 

 122B. Plant with stolons; perigynia glabrous to sparsely pubescent, the stipe not thickened. 



123A. Plant sometimes stoloniferous, sometimes the perigynia glabrous 100. C. sachalinensis 



123B. Plant without stolons; perigynia pubescent. 



124A. Pistillate scales pale tawny; perigynia pubescent, strongly nerved; beak conspicuous. 



88. C. nervata 

 124B. Pistillate scales castaneous; perigynia sparsely puberulent, faintly nerved; beak very short. 



89. C. caryophyllea var. microtricha 



119B. Basal sheath splitting into brown fibers; perigynia hispidulous, rarely glabrate 90. C. sabynensis 



118B. Staminate spike pale green; staminate scales entire, acuminate or awned at apex. 



125A. Perigynia pubescent; pistillate scales short-awned 91. C. breviculmis 



125B. Perigynia glabrous or nearly so. 



126A. Plant green when dry; lower 1 or 2 spikes always radical; perigynia oblong-fusiform 92. C. jacens 



126B. Plant blackish when dried; spikes all cauline; perigynia broadly ovoid, obtusely angled, transversely 

 wrinkled near the middle 93. C. rugata 



