222 Cyperaceae 



151B. Culms and spikes erect or nearly so; perigynia less lustrous, hairy or slightly so; species of mountains. 



153A. Lateral spikes androgynous, solitary or ternary, 1.5-3 cm. long; forests 82. C. reinii 



153B. Lateral spikes pistillate, single; rocky places. 



154A. Terminal staminate spike 4-10 cm. long, narrowly linear 79. C. makinoensis 



154B. Terminal staminate spike 0.5-3 cm. long, linear-clavatc. 



154AA. Perigynia glabrous except the faintly scabrous beak 79a. C. phaeodon 



154BB. Perigynia more or less pubescent or hispidulous. 



155A. Culms nearly smooth; sheaths of bract tight around the culm; staminate scales golden-brown; perigynia 



sparsely appressed-hispidulous 80. C. chrysolepis 



155B. Culms scabrous above; sheaths of bract loose around the culm; staminate scales castaneous; perigynia 



pubescent 81. C blepharicarpa 



150B. Perigynia scarcely compressed, if distinctly so then with tawny pale scales. 

 156A. Sipkes 2-10, in a raceme or spikelike inflorescence. 



157A. Leaves flat, linear-lanceolate, 1-3 cm. wide; lateral spikes always androgynous; species of forests. 

 158A. Spikes short-cylindric; pistillate flowers very loose, stigmas long, slender. 



159A. Leaves scabrous on the margins; perigynia glabrous 144. C. siderosticta 



159B. Leaves long-ciliate on the margins; perigynia pilose 145. C. ciliatomarginata 



158B. Spikes globose-ovoid; pistillate flowers dense; stigmas short, thickened 146. C. pachygyria 



157B. Leaves linear to filiform. 



1 60A. Perigynia hairy, with a thick stipe at base. 



161A. Culms loosely tufted; perigynia acutely trigonous, nerveless or faintly nerved, with an erect beak; 

 pistillate scales truncate, obtuse to rounded, sometimes mucronate or short-awned. 



162A. Culms, leaves, and scales pilose; perigynia 2-ribbed; dry rocky places 120. C. hsiolepis 



162B. Culms, leaves, and scales glabrous. 



163A. Principal leaves cauline; culms 40-50 cm. long, sharply angled, scabrous; perigynia faintly nerved. 



198. C. poculisquama 

 163B. Leaves all radical; culms slender, 10—20 cm. long, nearly smooth; perigynia nerveless except for the 

 2 ribs. 



164A. Plant wholly greenish except the pale scales 121. C. hashimoioi 



164B. Basal sheaths and scales reddish brown 122. C. quadriflora 



161B. Culms densely tufted; perigynia obtusely trigonous, ribbed, with a short recurved beak; pistillate scales 

 pointed or gradually acuminate; open woods. 

 165A. Leaves filiform, 0.5—1.5 mm. wide, hispidulous-ciliate; culms smooth, 3-6 cm. long, hidden among the 



leaves 123. C. hiimilis 



165B. Leaves linear, 1-2 mm. wide, scabrous; culms slightly scabrous, 10-40 cm. long 124. C, lanceolata 



160B. Perigynia glabrous, smooth or scabrous above, sometimes densely papillose. 

 166A. Lateral spikes androgynous. 



167 A. Culms 40-80 cm. long; spikes 2-4 cm. long, sparsely flowered; lower bracts elongate, leafy; perigynia 



9-11 mm. long, light green, long-beaked; forests 157. C. dissitiflora 



167B. Culms 15-30 cm. long; spikes 1-2 cm. long, loosely flowered; perigynia 3 mm. long, gray-green, short- 

 beaked 143. C. tumidula 



166B. Lateral spikes usually pistillate, seldom gynecandrous. 

 168A. Perigynia nerveless or faintly nerved. 



169A. Perigynia minutely puncticulate, dull, glaucous-green. 



170A. Scales or basal sheaths dark reddish brown or cupreous brown. 

 171A. Culms long- to short-rhizomatous. 

 172A. Basal sheaths light yellowish to pale. 



173A. Pistillate spikes pendulous, rather densely flowered; pistillate scales reddish cupreous; peri- 

 gynia ascending, glaucous, abruptly short-beaked; swamps 135. C. laxa 



173B. Pistillate spikes erect, rather loosely flowered; pistillate scales purplish cupreous. 



174A. Bracts leafy, short-sheathing at base; perigynia erect, glaucous, nearly beakless; peat bogs. 



134. C. livida 

 174B. Bracts with short blades, long-sheathing at base; perigynia ascending to spreading, 



abruptly short- to long-beaked; forests or meadows 136. C. vaginata var. petersii 



172B. Basal sheaths at least partially dark purplish brown. 



175A. Blades and sheaths usually hairy; pistillate spikes cylindric, loosely flowered; forests. 



137. C.pilosa 

 175B. Blades and sheaths glabrous; pistillate spikes oblong-ellipsoidal; rather densely flowered. 

 176A. Leaves of fruiting plants not yet fully elongated, flaccid, abruptly pointed; perigynia ob- 

 ovoid, with a deflexed beak sometimes minutely scabrous on keels; Kyushu. 



138. C. kfijuzana 

 176B. Leaves of fruiting plants fully elongated, as long as or slightly longer than the culm, 

 gradually tapering to apex; perigynia ovoid -fusiform, with a smooth, slightly re- 

 curved beak; Honshu 139. C. dissitispicula 



171B. Culms tufted; forests 140. C. filipes 



170B. Scales pale green to pale tawny; basal sheaths pale. 



177A. Pistillate spikes pendulous, the scales ferrugineous, elliptic, rounded and mucronate; wet places. 



141. C. papulosa 



