Cyperaceae 223 



177B. Spikes erect, the upper contiguous; pistillate scales pale green, ovate; forests or grassy places. 



142. C. parci flora 

 169B. Perigynia smooth or scabrous at tip, more or less lustrous, not grayish. 



178A. Perigynia linear-lanceolate, pale green, appressed, 7-8 mm. long; stigmas much-elongate, persistent. 



156. C. bostrychostigma 

 178B. Perigynia ovoid, yellowish to somewhat brownish when mature, nearly erect, 3-7 mm. long. 

 179A. Perigynia more than 5 mm. long. 



180A. Perigynia about 7 mm. long, loosely inclosing the achene, inflated, scabrous at tip; tufted 

 herb with solitary to ternary splkelcts at the nodes; leaves 3-6 mm. wide. 174. C. metallica 

 180B. Pcrig>'nia 5-6 mm. long, tightly inclosing the achene, acutely 3-angled, sparsely pilosulous; 

 loosely to scarcely tufted, rhizomatous herb; spikes 3 or 4; leaves 2-3 mm. wide. 



175. C. maa-androlepis 

 179B. Perigynia 3-5 mm. long, tightly inclosing the achene. 



181A. Culms 10-25 cm. long, slender; spikes 0.5-2.5 cm. long; perigynia brownish; stigmas de- 

 ciduous; species of alpine meadows. 

 182 A. Terminal spike not exceeding the proximate pistillate one; leaves 1-1.5 mm. wide. 



158. C. capillaris 

 182B. Terminal spike long-pedunded, much longer than the proximate one; leaves 2.5-3 (-4) mni. 



wide 159. C. temiiformis 



181B. Culms 50-70 cm. long; pistillate spikes 2-5 cm. long; perigynia light yellowish green; stigmas 



very long, persistent; open woods in Fagtis zone 176. C. hondoensis 



168B. Perigynia conspicously many-nerved, dark brown when dried. 



183A. Perigynia compressed-trigonous, prominently papillose; plant wholly glaucous, not reddish when 



living; wet places l^'S. C. maculata 



1833. Perigynia not compressed, glabrous; basal sheaths sanguineous to reddish purple. 

 184A. Sheaths and scales sanguineous; perigynia lustrous; terminal spike often gynecandrous, the pistil- 

 late bearing few staminate flowers at the base; forests 1 60. C. alliijormis 



184B. Bracts and scales greenish; perigynia dull; plants of grassy places. 

 185A. Pistillate scales awned; perigynia spreading, abruptly beaked. 



186A. Perigynia about 3 mm. long, abruptly short-beaked 180. C. brownn 



186B. Perigynia 5-6 mm. long, long-beaked 181. C. transversa 



185B. Pistillate scales entire, mostly obtuse, occasionally slightly acute, awnless; perigynia erect-patent, 



gradually rather long-beaked; open forests 147. C. ischnostachya 



156B. Spikes numerous, in compound panicles; cladoprophyllum utricle-shaped 167. C. criiaata 



76B. Tips of perig>-nia firm, sharply bifid or 2-toothed; st>'le 3-fid; achenes trigonous. 

 187A. Plants wholly glabrous. 



188A. Perigynia obtusely 3-ang!ed, sometimes slightly inflated. 

 189A. Perigynia ovoid to oblong-conical, several-nerved. 



190A. Perigynia thick-membranous, 2.5-3 mm. long; spikes closely contiguous; staminate spike soliuo'; wet places. 



182. C. viridula 

 190B. Perigynia somewhat ligneous, 6-8 mm. long; staminate spikes 2-4, the pistillate usually distant. 



191A. Culms usually 10-20 cm. long; pistillate spikes approximate, the lowest bract short-sheathing; leaves 2-4 mm. 



wide; sandy places along seacoasts 185. C. ptimila 



191B. Culms 30-100 cm. long; pistillate spikes distant; tidal swamps. 



192A. Leaves 1.5-2.5 mm. wide; pistillate spikes 1 or 2, oblong, 1-2 cm. long; bracts sheathless. . . 186. C. scabrijoUa 

 192B. Leaves 5-10 mm. wide; pistillate spikes 2-4, cylindric, 2.5-5 cm. long; lowest bract often short-sheathing. 



187. C. rugulosa 

 189B. Perigynia lanceolate, many-nerved; wet or swampy places. 



193A. Bracts all sheathing; perigynia 10-13 mm. long, with a shallowly 2-toothed beak; pistillate spikes ovoid-globose, 



several-flowered; scales entire, obtuse 1 89. C. michatixiana var. asiatica 



193B. Bracts, except the lowermost, not sheathing; perigynia 4-9 mm. long, the beak 2-fid; pistillate spikes oblong to 

 cylindric, densely many-flowered; scales awned. 

 194A. Pistillate spikes cylindric, 2-5 cm. long, 6-8 mm. across, nodding; perigynia 4-5 mm. long, the beak bifid, with 



erect teeth 190. C. pseiidocypcrtis 



194B. Pistillate spikes oblong, 1.5-3 cm. long, about 15 mm. across, erect-patent; perigynia 6-9 mm. long, the beak with 



recurved teeth 191- C. capricornis 



188B. Perigynia oval, strongly inflated, lustrous, loosely inclosing the achenes. 



195A. Perigynia about 10 mm. long, with a long slender beak 192. C. dicktnsii 



195B. Perigynia 5-8 mm. long, with a short or moderately long beak. 



196A. Leaves thick, sulcate above, about 1.5 mm. wide; perigynia short-beaked 193. C. oligosperma 



196B. Leaves rather flat, 3-15 mm. wide, recurved on the margins; perigynia rather long beaked. 



197A. Culms scabrous on the angles; leaves 3-6 mm. wide; pistillate spikes 2 or 3, cylindric, 3-7 cm. long; perigynia 



6-8 mm. long 194. C. vcsicaria 



197B. Culms nearly glabrous; leaves 8-15 mm. wide; pistillate spikes 2 to 5, long-cylindric, 5-10 cm. long; perigynia 



5-6 mm. long 195. C. rhynchophysa 



187B. Leaves, culms, bracts or perigynia hairy. 



198A. I.onger leaves on the upper half of the culm gradually reduced below into bladeless sheaths; all bracts sheathing; in 

 forests. 



