224 



Cyperaceae 



199A. Inflorescence spiciform, with at least the lower spikes distant; upper leaves approximate but not overlapping. 



196. C. Kgulata 

 199B. Inflorescence capitate, with densely fastigiate spikes; longer leaves 8-13 mm. wide, aggregated on the apical part of 



the culm 197. C. phyllocephala 



198B. Leaves all radical or culms with only 1 or 2 cauline leaves. 

 200A. Perigynia coriaceous; leaves 1.5-3 mm. wide, involute or flat, canaliculate in upper part; peat bogs. 



199. C. lasiocarpa var. occultans 

 200B. Perigynia thick-membranous or herbaceous; leaves 3-6 mm. wide. 



201A. Bracts sheathing at base; leaves, ligule, and perigynia usually hairy; forests. . . . 200. C. drymophila var. abbreviata 

 201B. Bracts, except the lowest one, not sheathing. 



202A. Leaves glabrous; perigynia hispid; staminate spikes 2-4; wet places along rivers 201. C. miyabei 



202B. Leaves pilose; perigynia glabrous; staminate spikes always solitary; wet places in woods 202. C. latisquamea 



1. Carex arenicola F. Schmidt. C. chaetorhiza Fr. & 

 Sav.; C. yedoensis Boecklr. Kuro-kawazu-suge. Rhi- 

 zomes long-creeping; culms distant, 10-30 cm. long, scabrous; 

 leaf -blades, 2-3 mm. wide, greenish; spikes several, androgy- 

 nous, oval, 5-8 mm. long, densely aggregated into a narrow, 

 ovate, bractless head; pistillate scales narrowly ovate, ferru- 

 gineous-castaneous, acuminate; perigynia slightly longer than 

 the subtending scales, ovoid, 3-4 mm. long, spreading, plano- 

 convex, crescent-shaped in transverse section, faintly nerved, 

 tightly inclosing the achene, margins acute, spongy-thickened 

 at base, the long beak scabrous-margined, the tip membranous. 



May-June. Sandy grassy places in lowlands; Hokkaido, 



Honshu, Kyushu; common. Korea, Ussuri, Sakhalin, and 



Kuriles. 



2. Carex kabanovii V. Krecz. C. yezoalpina Akiyama 



^Yari-suge. Rhizomes short and slender; culms 12-17 



cm. long, obtusely angled, smooth; leaf-blades short, sulcate, 

 1-1.5 mm. wide, rather thick, somewhat obtuse; spike solitary, 

 terminal, unisexual or rarely androgynous, 15-25 mm. long, 

 somewhat lustrous; pistillate scales ovate, yellowish brown, 

 obtuse, 1-nerved; perigynia conspicuously longer than the 

 scales, about 2.5 mm. long, obliquely spreading at tip, yellow- 

 ish brown, faintly nerved, biconvex, gradually rather long 

 beaked, the tip hyaline. June-July. High moors; Hok- 

 kaido (Daisetsu-zan) ; rare. Sakhalin. 



3. Carex gynocrates Wormsk. C. dioica var. gynocrates 



(Wormsk.) Ostenf. Kanchi-suge. Rhizomes slender, 



rather short; culms 10-20 cm. long, smooth; leaf-blades thick, 

 0.5-0.7 mm. wide, sulcate above; spike solitary, terminal, uni- 

 sexual or rarely androgynous, 7-14 mm. long, lustrous; pistil- 

 late scales oval, acute, castaneous-cupreous, 3-nerved; perigynia 

 nearly as long as the scales, 3 mm. long, deflexed when ma- 

 ture, ellipsoidal, biconvex, coriaceous, dark yellowish brown, 

 slightly lustrous, smooth or scabrous on the margins above, 

 several-nerved on both sides, the beak short, emarginate; 

 achenes tightly inclosed, about 2 mm. long; style bifid. — June- 

 July. High moors; Honshu (Rikuchu Prov., Yakeishi-dake) ; 

 rare. Kuriles, Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Siberia, and Canada. 



4. Carex disperma Dewey. C. tenella Schk., non 

 ThuilL; C. misera Franch., non Phil.; C. na\aii Lev. & Van't.; 

 C. tenella var. brachycarpa Kuekenth.; C. tenella var. na\aii 



(Lev. & Van't.) Lev. Hoso-suge. Rhizomes slender, 



elongate; culms 20-50 cm. long, slender, acutely angled, scab- 

 rous; leaf -blades thin, 1-1.5 mm. wide; spikelets 3-5, androgyn- 

 ous, distant, 2-3 mm. long, few-flowered, ebracteate or the 

 lowest one with a setaceous bract; pistillate scales pale, ovate, 

 acute; perigynia ovoid, slightly longer than the scales, 2.5-3 

 mm. long, pale yellowish, lustrous, biconvex, inflated, faindy 

 nerved, subcoriaceous, abruptly attenuate and very short, 

 smooth beaked, the mouth entire; achenes tightly inclosed; 



style bifid. June- July. Wet mossy places in woods; Hok- 

 kaido; rare. Subarctic regions of the N. Hemisphere. 



5. Carex pallida C. A. Mey. C. siccata sensu auct. 

 Japon., non Dewey; C. siccata subsp. pallida (C. A. Mey.) 



Kuekenth.; C. accrescens Ohwi Usu-iro-suge, Ezo-kawazu- 



suge. Rhizomes slender, long-creeping; culms 30-60 cm. 

 long, loose, scabrous, acutely angled; leaf-blades flat, 3-5 mm. 

 wide, shorter than the culm; spikes several, unisexual or an- 

 drogynous, oblong, 5-10 mm. long, aggregated into a short, 

 cylindric, ebracteate spike often interrupted below; pistillate 

 scales ovate, acute, yellowish brown, with a broad green mid- 

 rib; perigynia longer than the scales, 4-4.5 mm. long, reflexed 

 at tip, flat, ovate, broadly winged and scabrous on the margin, 

 sparsely appressed-pubescent, at least while young; style bifid. 



Coniferous woods; Hokkaido, Honshu (Rikuchu Prov.) 



s. Kuriles, Sakhalin, Korea, and e. Siberia. 



6. Carex pseudocuraica F. Schmidt. C. curaica var. 



major Boecklr. Tsuru-suge, Tsuru-kawazu-suge. Sterile 



culms ultimately leafy, much elongated, decumbent, bearing 

 scapes from the nodes the following year; fertile culms solid, 

 20-40 cm. long, acutely angled, slightly scabrous above; leaf- 

 blades flaccid, 2-4 mm. wide; inflorescence oblong-cylindric, 

 15-30 mm. long, ebracteate, the 5-8 loosely aggregated spikes 

 androgynous (or unisexual), ovoid, 5-10 mm. long, light 

 castaneous; perigynia ovate-elliptic, slightiy longer than the 

 ovate, acutely pointed scales, compressed, more or less spongy 

 toward the narrowly-winged margins, scabrous at tip, short- 

 beaked; style bifid. June-July. Swamps; Hokkaido, Hon- 

 shu (Mutsu, Yechigo). s. Kuriles, Sakhalin, Korea, and 



Ussuri. 



7. Carex lithophila Turcz. C. disticha, sensu auct. 

 Japon., non Huds.; C. intermedia, sensu auct. Japon., non 



Retz. nee Gooden.; C. distichoidea Lev. & Van't. Asama- 



suGE, Tairiku-kawazu-suge. Rhizomes long-creeping; 

 culms 20-40 cm. long, acutely 3-angled, very scabrous above; 

 leaf-blades flat, 2.5-3 mm. wide; inflorescence dense, 1.5-2 

 (-3) cm. long, ovoid to oblong-ovoid, ebracteate, the spikes 

 8 to 10, androgynous or unisexual, ovoid, 5-8 mm. long, red- 

 dish brown; pistillate scales ovate, reddish brown; perigynia 

 slightly shorter than the scales, oval, 4-5 mm. long, com- 

 pressed, spongy, several-nerved on both sides, scabrous, winged 

 on the margins, short-beaked; style bifid. May-June. Hon- 

 shu (Kanto and ne. Shinano) ; rather rare. ^Korea, Man- 

 churia, and e. Siberia. 



8. Carex neurocarpa Maxim. Mikoshigaya. Plant 

 usually wholly ferrugineous-puncticulate; culms tufted, 30-60 

 cm. long, obtusely angled, smooth; leaf-blades flat, 2-3 mm. 

 wide; inflorescence dense, ovoid to ovoid-cylindric, 3-6 cm. 

 long, with 2 or 3 spreading, elongate, foliaceous bracts at base, 

 the spikes numerous, androgynous, ovoid-globose, 4-8 mm. 



