Cyperaceae 



225 



long; pistillate scales membranous, oval, short-auned, fer- 

 rugineous-spotted; perigynia longer than the scales, 4 mm. 

 long, nearly erect, ovate, slighdy turgid, planoconvex, mem- 

 branous, many-nerved, with broad serrate wings on upper half, 



beak long, 2-toothed; stigmas 2. May-June. Grassy places 



in lowlands; Honshu (n. and centr. part, including Kinki 

 Distr.) ; locally common. Amur, Korea, and China. 



9. Carex paxii Kuekenth. C. succedanea Nakai; C. ken- 



gii Kuekenth.; C. paxii var. succedanea (Nakai) Ohwi 



KiBi-NO-MiNOBORO-suGE. Rhizomcs short; culms tufted, 40- 

 60 cm. long, obtusely angled, smooth; leaf-blades 1.5-2.5 mm. 

 wide, flat; inflorescence ovate-cylindric, 2-6 cm. long, dense, 

 with scalelike bracts, the spikes androgynous, ovate-orbicular, 

 4-6 mm. long; scales pale, oval; perigynia longer than the 

 scales, spreading, 3.5-4 mm. long, ovate-conic, many-nerved, 

 glaucous, greenish yellow, lustrous, planoconvex, with several 

 large tubercles on the back, narrowly winged and scabrous on 

 the margins, gradually beaked, the up 2-toothed; achenes 



loosely inclosed, biconvex; style bifid. May. Honshu (Chu- 



goku Distr.); rare. Korea and China. 



10. Carex laevissima Nakai. Hime-mikoshigaya. 

 Rhizomes short; culms tufted, 15-40 cm. long, acutely angled, 

 scabrous above, slender, firm; the blades 2-3 mm. wide; in- 

 florescence dense, short-cylindric, 2-5 cm. long, nearly bracdess, 

 the spikes numerous, usually androgynous, sometimes nearly 

 unisexual, oval, 5-8 mm. long; pistillate scales narrowly ovate, 

 membranous, brownish ferrugineous, acute; perigynia slighdy 

 longer than the scales, 3-3.5 mm. long, narrowly ovate, faintly 

 nerved, planoconvex, gradually long-beaked, the sharp margins 

 usually nearly smooth, sometimes very slighdy scabrous near 

 the minutely 2-toothed apex; achenes small, about 1.2 mm. 

 long, nearly orbicular, biconvex; style slender, brown, bifid. — 

 May. Honshu (Bitchu, Settsu); rare. Korea and Ussuri. 



11. Carex albata Boott. C. niibigena var. albata {Boon) 



Kuekenth. Minoboro-suge. Rhizomes short, tufted; 



culms 20-60 cm. long, scabrous on the angles; leaf-blades 2-3 

 mm. wide, rather firm, deep green, sometimes slighdy curved 

 upward, gradually long-attenuate; inflorescence a terminal 

 spike 3-5 cm. long, dense, ovate-oblong, the bracts all scalelike, 

 or the lower 1-3 nearly foliaceous; spikes numerous, andro- 

 gynous; globular-ovoid, 5-8 mm. long; pistillate scales ovate, 

 acute, midrib green; perigynia longer than the scales, 4—4.5 

 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, nerved, planoconvex, the margins 

 acute, slightly winged above the middle, scabrous toward tip, 

 gradually long-beaked, the beak flat, 2-toothed; achenes small; 



stigmas rather long, slender. May-July. Wet places in 



mountains; sw. Hokkaido, Honshu (ne. part s. to centr. 

 distr.) ; rather common. 



12. Carex nubigena D. Don var. franchetiana Ohwi. 

 C. phacolcuca Ohwi; C. jallax var. jranchetiana (Ohwi) Ohwi 

 TsuKUSHi-MiNOBORO-suGE. Resembles the preceding, dif- 

 fering in the somewhat stouter, glabrous, obtusely angled 

 culms, and the shorter bracts not longer than the culm; peri- 

 gynia ovate or oval, about 4 mm. long, the beak somewhat 



shorter, the margins scabrous only at tip. Apr.-June. Wet 



places in mountains; Honshu (Chijgoku Distr.), Kyushu. 



The t^'pical phase occurs in Formosa to sw. China, India, and 

 Malaysia. 



13. Carex stipata Muhl. 0-kawazu-suge. Rhizome 

 short; culms tufted, soft, 30-60 cm. long, scabrous on the 

 prominent, acute angles; leaf-blades 3-7 mm. wide, flaccid, 

 bright green; inflorescence rather dense, ovoid-cylindric, 3-6 



cm. long, the bracts scalelike or the lower elongate, to 3 cm. 

 long; spikes numerous, androgynous, ovoid-globular, 6-10 mm. 

 long; scales pale, 1-nerved, acuminate; perigynia longer than 

 the scales, spreading, broadly lanceolate, 5 mm. long, thick, 

 planoconvex, pale green, nerved, spongy and prominendy 

 thickened at the base, gradually long-beaked, the margins 



scabrous e.xcept at base. June-July. Moors; Hokkaido, 



Honshu (centr. distr. northw.) . N. America. 



14. Carex diandra Schrank. C. terctiuscula Gooden. 



KuRi-iRo-suGE. Rhizomes short-creeping; culms tufted, 



slender, 50-80 cm. long, obtusely angled, scabrous above; leaf- 

 blades flat, 2-2.5 mm. wide, scabrous on the margins; inflores- 

 cence ovate to oblong, 2-3.5 cm. long, ebracteate; spikes 

 numerous, crowded, androgynous, ovoid-globose, 5-7 mm. 

 long; pistillate scales oval, acute, castaneous, with whitish, 

 somewhat translucent margins; perigynia coriaceous, lustrous, 

 longer than the scales, broadly ovoid, 3 mm. long, spreading, 

 dark chesmut-brown at maturity, thick-biconvex, indistincdy 

 3- to 5-nerved at base, obtusely margined, stipitate, abrupdy 

 beaked, the beak moderately long, setulose-scabrous on mar- 

 gins, the tip almost entire; style bifid. June-July. Swamps; 



Hokkaido, Honshu (Shimokita Penin. in Mutsu and Izunano- 



hara in Shinano Prov.); rather rare. Sakhalin, s. Kuriles, 



and widely dispersed in the cooler regions of the N. Hemi- 

 sphere. 



15. Carex kobomugi Ohwi. C. macrocephala sensu 

 auct. Japon., pro parte; C. maa-ocephala var. kpbomugi 



(Ohwi) Miyabe & Kudo Kobo-mugi, Fude-kusa. Fig. 1. 



Rhizomes stout, extensively creeping, covered with brown fi- 

 brous remains of leaf-sheaths; culms stout, stiff, obtusely angled, 

 nearly smooth, 10-20 cm. long; leaf-blades rather few, 4-6 mm. 

 wide, coriaceous, light green, somewhat lustrous above, prom- 

 inently scabrous on the margins; heads much-crowded, usually 

 unisexual, ovoid to oblong-ovoid, 4-6 cm. long in the pistillate, 

 nearly bracdess or with a few short bracts; spikes unisexual 

 (rarely androgynous), the pistillate ovoid, about 15 mm. long; 

 pistillate scales narrowly ovate, sulfur-yellow, with broad 

 herbaceous margins, the broad many-nerved keel prolonged 

 into a scabrous, awnlike mucro; perigynia longer than or as 

 long as the scales, coriaceous, appressed-erect, ovate, about 10 

 mm. long, planoconvex to somewhat concave-convex, rounded 

 on the back, many-nerved, with a narrow irregularly serrate 

 wing on the margins, the beak long, incurved, bifid at 



tip; achenes compressed-trigonous; stigmas 3. Apr.-June. 



Common on sand dunes along the seacoast; w. Hokkaido, 



Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea, Formosa, Ussuri, and 



Manchuria; introduced in e. N. America. 



16. Carex macrocephala Willd. ex Spreng. C. antheri- 

 coides PresI — — Ezo-no-k6b6-mugi. Fig. 1. Resembles the pre- 

 ceding, differs in the acutely angled culms distinctly scabrous 

 above; head solitary, 4-6 (-8) cm. long; pistillate scales ovate, 

 membranous, chestnut-brown, 3-nerved, the green midrib ex- 

 current into a needlelike smooth awn; perigj'nia longer than 

 the scales, strongly divergent, many-nerved, conspicuously 

 wing-margined, the wings dentate-serrate, the beak much 

 longer than in No. 15, and the tip more deeply bifid; achenes 



compressed-triangular; stigmas 3. May-July. Sandy places 



along seacoasts; Hokkaido (except the sw. part). s. Kuriles, 



Sakhalin, Kamchatka, and w. coast of N. America. 



17. Carex gibba Wahlenb. Masu-kusa. Rhizomes 

 short; culms tufted, 30-70 cm. long, obtusely angled, smooth; 

 leaf-blades rather soft, 2-4 mm. wide; heads 4-10 cm. long, 



