Cyperaceae 



227 



interrupted below, the bracts divergent, elongate; spikes 5-8, 

 gynecandrous, oblong or obovoid, 5-10 mm. long, green; 

 pistillate scales narrowly obcordate, whitish, nearly truncate at 

 apex, tlie green midrib prolonged into a mucro; perigynia 

 nearly orbicular, 3-3.5 mm. long, much longer than the scales, 

 planoconvex, nerveless, membranous, winged on margins, 

 scabrous above the middle, the beak short, 2-toothed at tip; 

 achenes biconvex with a discoid appendage at apex; stigmas 

 3. May-June (-July). Waste grounds and roadsides; Hon- 

 shu, Shikoku, Kyushu; very common. Korea and China. 



18. Cares echinata Murr. C. stellulata Gooden.; C. 

 leersii Willd.; C. muricata sensu auct,, non L.; C. basilata Ohwi 



KiTA-No-KAWAZU-suGE. Rhizomes short; culms tufted, 



20-50 cm. long, sharply angled, scabrous above; leaf-blades 1-2 

 mm. wide; head loose, the bracts scalelike to setaceous; spikes 

 3 or 4, gynecandrous, globose, 4-6 (terminal spike sometimes 

 to 10) mm. long; pistillate scales ovate, brownish; perigynia 

 about 3 mm. long, about twice as long as the scales, spreading 

 to divaricate, deltoid-ovate, planoconvex, brownish when ma- 

 ture, scabrous on the acute margins near tip, thickened and 

 spongy at base, gradually long-beaked; stigmas 2. June- 

 July. Wet places; Hokkaido. Kuriles and Korea, e. Siberia 



to Europe. 



19. Carex omiana Fr. & Sav. C. stellulata sensu auct. 

 Japon., non Gooden.; C. stellulata var. omiana (Fr. & Sav.) 

 Kuekenth. Yachi-kawazu-suge. Resembles the preced- 

 ing; culms 30-50 cm. long, nearly smooth; leaf-blades 1.5-2.5 

 mm. wide; spikes 3-5 sometimes 2, somewhat approximate or 

 rather loose, gynecandrous, globose, the terminal with a 

 slightly longer staminate portion than in those of the lateral; 

 perigynia nearly twice as long as the scales, 4-5 mm. long, 

 strongly spreading to somewhat deflexed, lanceolate-ovate, 

 strongly convex on back, faindy nerved, gradually long-beaked, 

 minutely bifid at tip, prominentiy thickened at the spongy 



base; achenes tighdy inclosed; stigmas 2. May-July. Wet 



places; Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu. s. Kuriles. 



Var. monticola Ohwi. Kawazu-suge. Culms 10-30 cm. 

 long; spikes slightiy smaller; perigynia 3.5-4 cm. long, broadly 



ovate-lanceolate, with a slightly longer beak. Wet places 



usually in mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. distr. and 

 northw.). 



Var. yakushimana Ohwi. C. ohwii Masam. Chabo- 



kawazu-suge. Culms short, to 10 cm. long, leaf-blades 

 somewhat involute, narrow; perigynia 4 mm. long, nearly 

 smooth, short-beaked. Wet places in high mountains; Kyu- 

 shu (Yakushima). 



20. Carex cyperoides Murray. Kaya-tsuri-suge. An- 

 nual or biennial with fibrous roots; culms loosely tufted, soft, 

 smooth, 15-30 cm. long; leaf-blades 1.5-2.5 mm. wide, gla- 

 brous, spikes numerous, densely crowded in a terminal hemi- 

 spherical head 15-20 mm. long and as wide, the bracts 2-3, 

 leafy, much longer tiian the inflorescence; pistillate scales lan- 

 ceolate, awn-tipped, membranous, pale; perigynia much longer 

 than the scales, 7-10 mm. long, erect, narrowly lanceolate, 

 scabrous and narrowly winged on the margins, planoconvex, 

 pale green, membranous, long-stipitate, with a flat, long, deeply 

 bifid beak; achenes small; stigmas 2. Wet sandy soil; Hok- 

 kaido, Honshu (Lake Kawaguchi in Kai) ; rare. Siberia 



and Europe. 



21. Carex planata Fr. & Sav. C. ponmoshirensis Miyabe 



& Kudo Takane-masu-kusa. Rhizomes abbreviated; 



culms densely tufted, to 60 cm. long, obtusely angled, smooth; 



leaf-blades 1.5-2.5 mm. wide, soft, deep green; spikes 2-5(10), 

 pistillate with a few staminate flowers at the base, ovoid to 

 ovoid-globular, 6-10 mm. long, loosely aggregated into a 

 rather short head 3-8 cm. long, the lower bracts leafy, elongate, 

 much longer than the head; pistillate scales pale, membranous, 

 ovate; perigynia appressed, much longer than the scales, 

 compressed, oval, 4 mm. long, light green, rather broad, the 

 wings broad, scabrous-margined, die beak short, radier broad, 

 sulcate in front, the tip shallowly bifid; achenes small, tighdy 



inclosed; stigmas 2. May-June. Forests; Hokkaido (Ishi- 



kari Prov.), Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu. 



22. Carex rochebrunii Fr. & Sav. C. irmota sensu auct. 

 Japon., non L.; C. remota subsp. rochebrunii (Fr. & Sav.) 



Kuekenth. Yabu-suge. Rhizomes short; culms tufted, 



40-60 cm. long, obtusely angled, smooth; leaf-blades 2-^ mm. 

 wide; spikes 8-10, gynecandrous, narrowly oblong, pale, 

 densely flowered, 8-15 mm. long, mostly aggregated into a 

 slender head 5-10 cm. long, but the lower ones separate, the 

 lower bracts elongated, leafy, much longer than the culm; 

 pistillate scales pale, membranous, oblong; perigynia longer 

 than the scales, 4-4.5 mm. long, compressed-planoconvex, 

 faintly nerved, scabrous and narrowly winged on the mar- 

 gins, gradually narrowed into a flat, very narrowly winged 

 beak, the tip deeply 2-fid; stigmas 2. May. Forests; Hon- 

 shu (Kinki Distr. and eastw.), Shikoku. China, Formosa, 



and Malaysia. 



23. Carex remotiuscula Wahlenb. C. remotaejormis 

 Komar.; C. remota subsp. rochebrunii var. remotaeformis 

 (Komar.) Kuekenth.; C. rochebrunii var. remotaejormis (Ko- 

 mar.) Akiyama Ito-hiki-suge. Resembles the preceding, 



but more slender; culms tufted, 30-50 cm. long, sharply 

 angled, scabrous; leaf-blades thin, 1-2 mm. wide; inflorescence 

 often more or less flexuous, 3-10 cm. long; spikes 4-7, 

 gynecandrous, ovoid-globose, 4-6 mm. long, pale green, the 

 lower ones widely separate; pistillate scales ovate, thin, pale; 

 perigynia longer than the scales, nearly erect, about 3 mm. 

 long, ovate-lanceolate, planoconvex, faintly nerved, the mar- 

 gins narrowly winged, not spongy, gradually long-beaked, 



deeply 2-toothed at the tip; stigmas 2. June-July. Forests; 



Hokkaido, Honshu (Mount Kirigamine in Shinano) ; rare. 



Korea, Ussuri, and Sakhalin. 



24. Carex deweyana Schwein. var. senanensis (Ohwi) 

 T. Koyama. C. senanensis Ohwi; C. deweyana sensu auct. 

 Japon., non Schwein.; C. hondae Akiyama Ho-suge. Rhi- 

 zomes short; culms tufted, sharply angled, scabrous; leaf- 

 blades 2-4 mm. wide, thin, fiat, bright green; inflorescence 

 rather dense, looser toward base, the lowest bract setaceous; 

 spikes 7-9, gynecandrous, each with a few staminate flowers at 

 base, oblong to slenderly so, 3—4 mm. across, pale green; 

 pistillate scales membranous, ovate, faintly nerved, acute and 

 mucronate; perigynia slighdy longer dian the scales, plano- 

 convex, ovate-lanceolate, thin, faindy nerved, about 4 mm. 

 long, gradually long-beaked, scabrous and 2-toothed at apex; 

 stigmas 2. June-July. Wet grassy places in alpine and sub- 

 alpine zones in the middle part of Honshu. The typical phase 

 occurs in N. America. 



23. Carex maackii Maxim. C. nipponica Franch. 



Yagami-suge. Rhizomes short; sterile culms elongate, 



with nodes and many leaves; fertile culms tufted, 40-60 cm. 

 long, acutely angled, scabrous; leaf-blades 2-3 mm. wide, soft, 

 flat; head cylindric, 3-5 cm. long, the bract usually small, scale- 

 like; spikes several to numerous, approximate, gynecandrous, 



