228 



Cyperaceae 



ovoid-globose, 5-8 mm. long, light green, densely flowered; 

 pistillate scales pale, ovate, obtuse, the midrib broad, green; 

 perigynia twice as long as the scales, ovate, 3.5 mm. long, 

 slightly recurved at tip, concavo-convex, inconspicuously 

 nerved, prominently spongy toward the periphery, margins 

 scabrous near tip and narrowly winged, the beak distinct, 



minutely 2-toothed at tip; stigmas 2. May-June. Wet 



grassy places along rivers in lowlands; Hokkaido, Honshu, 

 Kyushu; locally common. Amur, Ussuri, Korea, and China. 



26. Carex lachenalii Schk. C. bipartita auct.; C. lago- 



pina Wahlenb. Takane-yagami-suge. Rhizomes short; 



culms somewhat tufted, erect, 20-30 cm. long, acutely angled, 

 scabrous at tip; leaf-blades 1.5-2.5 mm. wide, deep green; head 

 short, the bracts reduced to scales, the spikes 3 or 4, approxi- 

 mate or contiguous, gynecandrous or the lateral often pistillate, 

 oblong, 5-10 mm. long, dark brown; pistillate scales ovate- 

 oval, shining, chestnut-brown; perigynia slightly longer than 

 the scales, obovate, 3 mm. long, planoconvex, smooth, light 

 castaneous, rather abruptly short-beaked, with an entire 

 hyaline tip; stigmas 2. July-Aug. Dry alpine slopes; Hok- 

 kaido (Mount Daisetsu), Honshu (Kai and Shinano Prov.); 



rare. Korea and n. Kuriles to Arctic regions and high 



mountains of the N. Hemisphere. 



27. Carex mackenziei V. Krecz. C. norvegica Willd. 

 ex Schk., non Retz. Noruge-suge, Karafuto-suge. Rhi- 

 zomes short; culms loosely tufted, 20-40 cm. long; leaf-blades 

 2-3 mm. wide, soft, flat, glaucous-green, densely papillose; 

 spikes 3-5, mostly gynecandrous, contiguous or the lower 

 ones more distant, the terminal sometimes staminate, usually 

 clavate, the pistillate oblong, 7-12(-15) mm. long; pistillate 

 scales ovate-orbicular, very obtuse, ferrugineous; perigynia as 

 large as the scales, oval, 3 mm. long, at first glaucous, becom- 

 ing glaucous-brown at maturity, faintly nerved, the margins 

 obtuse and nearly smooth, the beak very short with an entire 

 tip; achenes tightly invested by the perigynium; stigmas 2. 



June-July. Salt marshes near seashores; Hokkaido 



(Nemuro) ; rare, locally abundant. Sakhalin, n. Siberia, n. 



Europe, and Canada. 



28. Carex traiziscana F. Schmidt. Hiroha-Ozenuma- 

 suge. Rhizomes short; culms loosely mfted, 40-60 cm. long, 

 acutely angled, sparsely scabrous in upper part; leaf-blades 3-4 

 mm. wide, flat, glaucous-green, nearly smooth; spikes 6 or 7, 

 gynecandrous, ovoid-globose, 5-8 mm. long, the upper ones 

 approximate, the lower distant, forming a more or less 

 flexuous elongate head, the bracts scalelike; pistillate scales 

 rather obtuse, red-castaneous, paler toward the margins; 

 perigynia longer than the scales, elliptic, 3 mm. long, tawny, 

 ferrugineous at maturity, scabrous in upper part, strongly 

 compressed, with acute margins, several-nerved, very short- 

 beaked and minutely 2-toothed at tip; stigmas 2. June-July. 



Wet grassy places; Hokkaido, Honshu (Ozegahara Moor in 

 Kodzuke) ; rare. — - — Sakhalin. 



29. Carex nemurensis Franch. C. traiziscana, sensu 



auct. Japon., saltem pro parte, non F. Schmidt Hosoba-Oze- 



numa-suge. Resembles the preceding; culms densely tufted, 

 40-70 cm. long, acutely angled, scabrous; leaf-blades 2-3 mm. 

 wide, deep green, scabrous on the margin; spikes gynecandrous, 

 obovoid to globose-ellipsoidal, 5-7 mm. long, the terminal 

 one with a slightly longer staminate portion; pistillate scales 

 acute, castaneous, lustrous; perigynia about as long as the 

 scales, ovate, nearly 3 mm. long, plano-convex, veiny, pale 

 green, becoming dark brown at maturity, slightly scabrous on 



the margins near tip, abruptly short-beaked and entire at tip. 

 June-July. Sphagnum bogs; Hokkaido, Honshu (Oze- 

 gahara in Kotzuke Prov., and Mount Kirigamine in Shinano 

 Prov.) ; rather common. Sakhalin and Kuriles. 



30. Carex curta Gooden. C. canescens sensu auct. plur., 

 non L. Hakusan-suge. Rhizomes short; culms some- 

 what mfted, 20-60 cm. long, 3-angled, slightly scabrous in 

 upper part; leaf-blades 1.5-4 mm. wide, flat, glaucous-green; 

 head naked, 2-6 cm. long; spikes 4-7, gynecandrous, oblong 

 to nearly globose, 4-10 mm. long, glaucous-green to pale 

 green; pistillate scales oval, pale yellowish; perigynia longer 

 than the scales, broadly ovate or obovate, 2-2.2 mm. long, 

 nearly obtuse, glaucous- or gray-green, becoming brownish at 

 maturity, several-nerved, slightly scabrous on margins above, 



the beak very short, 2-toothed; stigmas 2. June-July. Bogs 



and wet meadows; Hokkaido, Honshu (alpine regions of 



centr. distr., and northw.) ; rather common. Arctic areas 



and alpine regions of the N. Hemisphere. 



31. Carex brunnescens (Pers.) Poir. C. curta var. 

 brunnescens Pers.; C. vitilis Fries; C. laeviculmis sensu auct. 

 Japon., non Meinsh.; C. sphaerostachya Dewey; C. brunnescens 



var. sphaerostachya (Dewey) Kuekenth. Hime-kawazu- 



suge. Rhizomes short; culms tufted, slender, 15-40 cm. 

 long, acutely angled, slighriy scabrous above; leaf-blades 1-2 

 mm. wide, bright green, flaccid; spikes 2-5, gynecandrous, or 

 the lateral pistillate, nearly globose, 4-7 mm. long, light green, 

 sometimes yellowish tawny, lustrous, the lower spikes loose, 

 occasionally with setaceous basal bracts; pistillate scales pale or 

 light tawny, with a green midrib; perigynia slightly exceeding 

 the scales, ovate or ovate-elliptic, about 2 mm. long, indis- 

 tinctly nerved, plano-convex, minutely scabrous on the mar- 

 gins above, the beak short, shallowly cleft in front, minutely 

 toothed at apex. June-July. Wet places in alpine or sub- 

 alpine regions; Hokkaido, Honshu (n. and centr. distr.). 



Sakhalin, Kuriles, Siberia, Europe, and N. America. 



32. Carex pseudololiacea F. Schmidt. Hiroha-ippon- 

 suGE, O-TSURu-suGE. Rhizomes short, sparsely branched, 

 culms loosely tufted, 20-40 cm. long, acutely angled, slightly 

 scabrous below the apex; leaf -blades 1.5-3 mm. wide, glaucous- 

 green, flat, soft; head short, ovoid, the bracts scalelike or 

 the lowest one often short-setaceous; spikes 3 or 4, gyne- 

 candrous, 4-7 mm. long, contiguous; pistillate scales oval, 

 acute, pale to slightly tawny; perigynia oblong-elliptic, 3.5-4 

 mm. long, much longer than the scales, glaucous-green, 

 prominenriy nerved, thick-membranous, abruptly contracted 

 and beakJess or nearly so, minutely 2-toothed at tip; stigmas 2. 



Sphagnum bogs; Hokkaido, Honshu (Mount Azuma in 



Uzen Prov.). Sakhahn and Kuriles. 



33. Carex loliacea I.. Akan-suge. Tufted; culms 20- 

 50 cm. long, slender; leaf-blades 1-2 mm. wide, thin, flat, 

 nearly smooth; head solitary, slenderly cylindric, 2-3 cm. long, 

 ebracteate; spikes 3 or 4(-5), gynecandrous, obovoid, sub- 

 globose at maturity, few-flowered, 3-5 mm. long, the lateral 

 shorter than the terminal, the upper ones contiguous, the lower 

 distant; pistillate scales pale, obmse; perigynia about twice as 

 long as the scales, ovate-oblong, 2.5-3 mm. long, unequally bi- 

 convex, at first glaucous-green, brownish at maturity, rather 

 thin-membranous, with elevated thick nerves, obtusely mar- 

 gined, beakless, with an entire smooth tip; stigmas 2. 



June-July. Akan volcanic group in Hokkaido; rare. 



Korea, Sakhalin, Siberia, Europe, and Alaska. 



34. Carex tenuifJora Wahlenb. C. arrhyncha Franch.; 



