Cyperaceae 



229 



C. tenuiflora var. arrhyncha (Franch.) Kuekenth. Ippon- 



suGE. Culms slender, in small tufts, erect, 20-60 cm. long, 

 nearly smooth; leaf-blades 1-1.5 mm. wide, glaucous-green, 

 narrow, nearly flat; head densely capitate, deltoid, 5-8 mm. 

 long, the bracts scalelike; spikes 2 or 3, gynecandrous, obovoid- 

 globose, i-6 mm. long, few-flowered; pistillate scales obtuse, 

 pale, more or less translucent, somewhat lustrous, persistent; 

 perigynia ovate, planoconvex, as long as the scales, 3-3.5 mm. 

 long, glaucous-green to gray, faintly many-nerved, smooth, 

 beakless, with an entire tip; stigmas 2. May-July. Sphag- 

 num bogs; Hokkaido, Honshu (Nikko in Shimotsuke Prov.). 



Sakhalin, Kuriles, Korea, and widely distributed in the 



N. Hemisphere. 



35. Carex sadoensis Franch. S.ado-suge. Rhizomes 

 creeping; culms 30-70 cm. long, loosely tufted in small clumps, 

 3-angled, somewhat scabrous; leaf-blades 3-4 mm. wide, flat, 

 soft, somewhat glaucous beneath, the basal leaf-sheaths with 

 blades, scarcely filamentous, stramineous, not keeled; spikes 

 5-S, contiguous or the upper ones sometimes overlapping, 

 erect, the terminal staminate, 2-3 cm. long, the lateral pistil- 

 late, cylindric, 3-5 cm. long, usually sessile; lowest bract leaf- 

 like; pistillate scales narrowly oblong, dark reddish brown, 

 acute; perigynia broader and shorter than the scales, elliptic, 

 2-2.5 mm. long, compressed-biconvex, often brown-spotted, 

 nerveless, with a rather abrupt, long, sometimes scabrous beak 

 minutely 2-toothed at the tip; stigmas 2, very long, slender, 



persistent, reddish brown. May-July. Abundant in wet 



places along mountain streams; Hokkaido, Honshu (n. and 



centr. distr., and on Mount Daisen in Hoki Prov.). s. 



Sakhalin, and s. Kuriles. 



36. Carex shimidzensis Franch. C. nervtdosa Franch.; 



C. sorachensis Lev. & Van't. AzuM.-i-NARUKO, Miyama- 



NARUKo. Rhizomes short and thick, short-creeping; culms 

 loosely tufted, rather thick, 40-80 cm. long; leaf-blades rather 

 soft and thin, broadly linear, 4-10 mm. wide, slightly glaucous, 

 flat, the basal sheaths bladeless, cinnamon-colored, not keeled, 

 soft, not splitting into fibers; terminal spike staminate or 

 gynecandrous, the lateral 2-5, approximate, pendulous, terete, 

 very densely many-flowered, yellowish green, sometimes the 

 lowest one distant and long-peduncled, the lower 1-3 bracts 

 leaflike, longer than the culm; pistillate scales ovate, pale, 

 acute; perigynia longer than the scales, 2.5-3 mm. long, 

 ascending, biconvex, somewhat turgid, glabrous, nearly nerve- 

 less, abruptiy short-beaked, the beak slightly recurved; stigmas 



2. May-June. Wet mountain slopes; Hokkaido, Honshu, 



kyushu (n. distr.). s. Kuriles and Korea (UUung Isl.). 



37. Carex incisa Boott. C. textori Miq.- Kawara- 



suGE, Tani-suge. Rhizomes loosely tufted, short-creeping; 

 culms nodding, 20-50 cm. long; leaf-blades 3-6 mm. wide, 

 soft, slightly glaucous, the basal sheaths bladeless or short- 

 bladed, not disintegrating into fibers; spikes 4-6, nearly fasri- 

 giate, nodding to pendulous, the terminal one staminate or 

 gynecandrous, 2-A cm. long, the lateral pistillate, linear- 

 cylindric, pale green, somewhat loosely many-flowered, 3-7 cm. 

 long, the lower peduncled, the lowest bract leaflike, slightiy 

 longer to nearly as long as the culm; pistillate scales obovate, 

 pale with brown flecks, emarginate, the broad green midrib 

 prolonged into a short mucro; perig)'nia nearly twice as long 

 as the scales, 3 mm. long, nerveless, biconvex, very short- 

 beaked with an entire tip; stigmas 2. May-June. Wet 



places in lowlands and low mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu; 

 common. 



38. Carex thunbergii Steud. C. gaudichattdiana var. 



thunbergii (Steud.) Kuekenth. Aze-soge. Rhizomes 



long-creeping; culms 20-80 cm. long, erect; leaves somewhat 

 flaccid; basal leaf-sheaths with blades, pale, partially brownish 

 or purplish, the upper leaf-blades 1.5-4 mm. wide, soft, 

 glaucous above, with slightly involute margins; staminate 

 spikes solitary or sometimes 2, rarely 3, linear, 2-6 cm. long, 

 tiie pistillate 2 or 3, long-cylindric to oblong, 2-5 cm. long, 

 erect, usually subsessile; pistillate scales oblong, dark reddish 

 purple to purplish brown, paler toward the margins; perigynia 

 3-3.5 mm. long, oblong to elliptic, planoconvex, faintly nerved, 

 pale green, obsoletely puncticulate, abruptly very short-beaked 



with an entire tip; stigmas 2, rather stout. May-June. 



Common in rice paddies and in swampy river flats; Hokkaido, 

 Honshu. Very polymorphic. 



Var. appendiculata (Trautv.) Ohwi. C. acuta var. ap- 

 pendictdata Trautv.; C. semiplena var. tentiinervis Kuekenth.; 

 C. vtdpicattdata Akiyama O-aze-suge, Ezo-aze-suge. Rhi- 

 zomes rarely creeping; culms densely tufted; leaves less soft. 



May-July. Wet places, especially in bogs; Hokkaido, 



Honshu (Senjogahara in Nikko). Sakhalin, s. Kuriles, 



Kamchatka, Amur, Ussuri, and n. Korea. 



39. Carex subspathacea Wormsk. C. salina var. minor 



Boott; C. descendens sensu auct. Japon., non Kuekenth. 



HiME-usHio-suGE. Rhizomes long-creeping; culms 3-30 cm. 

 long, smooth; basal leaf-sheaths with blades, somewhat 

 purplish, the upper leaf-blades 1-2 mm. wide, smooth, soft, 

 slightly involute; terminal spike staminate, linear, 5-20 mm. 

 long, the lateral 1 to 3, pistillate, erect, approximate, oblong, 

 5-15 mm. long, sessile, rather loosely 7- to 15-flowered, the 

 lower I or 2 bracts leaflike, involute; pistillate scales ovate, 

 dark purplish brown, obtuse; perigynia longer than the 

 scales, suberect, ovate, 3.5-4 mm. long, thick, planoconvex, 

 glaucous-green, nerveless, thick, densely papillose, abruptly 



very short-beaked with a rather firm entire tip; stigmas 2. 



June-July. Salt marshes; Hokkaido.- Kamchatka, Kuriles, 



Sakhalin, and circumpolar areas. 



40. Carex ramenskii Komar. C. salina sensu Ohwi, non 



Wahlenb. Ushio-suge, Umibe-suge. Rhizomes stout, 



creeping; culms 30-50 cm. long, smooth; leaf-blades 2-5 mm. 

 wide, flat, the margins slightly recurved; basal leaf-sheaths 

 bladeless, somewhat dark reddish purple, not splitting into 

 fibers; upper 1 to 3 spikes staminate, linear, the lower 2 or 3 

 pistillate, short-cylindric, sometimes with a few staminate 

 flowers toward the apex, erect, 2-3 cm. long, sessile or short- 

 peduncled, the lower 1 or 2 bracts leaf-like, about as long as 

 the inflorescence; pistillate scales narrowly ovate, dark brown- 

 ish purple, acute; perigynia slightiy longer than the scales, 

 broadly ovate, thick plano-convex, glaucous-brown, densely 

 papillose, rather thick, inconspicuously nerved, abruptly very 



short beaked, with a firm entire tip; stigmas 2. June-July. 



Salt-marshes; Hokkaido (Nemuro). Sakhalin and Kam- 

 chatka. 



41. Carex lyngbyei Hornem. C. cryptocarpa C. A. 

 Mey.; C. prionocarpa Franch.; C. lyngbyei var. ayptocarpa 



(C. A. Mey.) Kuekenth. Yarame-suge. Rhizomes thick, 



stout, long-creeping, forming a large mat; culms 30-100 cm. 

 long, scabrous on the angles above; leaf-blades 3-8 mm. wide, 

 flat, grayish green, somewhat glaucous, the basal leaf-sheaths 

 partly reddish or reddish purple, reticulate-fibrous; upper 1 to 

 3 spikes staminate, 2-4 cm. long, the lower 2-4 pistillate, 

 sometimes androgynous or partially staminate, cylindric, 2-6 



