230 



Cyperaceae 



cm. long, pendulous on long capillary peduncles, the lower 

 1 or 2 bracts leaf-like; pistillate scales lanceolate to ovate, 

 purplish brown; perigynia shorter than the scales, elliptic, 

 3-3.5 mm. long, unequally biconvex, glaucous, obscurely 

 nerved, rather firm, abruptly very short beaked, with an entire 



tip; stigmas 2. Abundant in wet places along seacoasts in 



Hokkaido, and in shallow ponds of subalpine regions in 



Honshu (Echigo, Rikuchu, and Ugo Prov.) Sakhalin, 



Kuriles to Siberia and N. America. 



42. Carex aphyllopus Kuekenth. Tateyama-suge. 

 Rhizomes loosely tufted and short-creeping, forming a large 

 loose mat; culms 30-100 cm. long, scabrous on the angles 

 above, rather soft; leaf-blades 3-5 mm. wide, soft, flat, the 

 basal sheaths bladeless, reddish purple, reticulate-fibrous; 

 staminate spikes 1 to 3, broadly linear, the pistillate 2 to 4, 

 sometimes with a short staminate portion above, 2-5 cm. long, 

 erect or nodding, sessile or peduncled, dark reddish purple, 

 the lower I or 2 bracts leaf-like, nearly as long as the in- 

 florescence; pistillate scales ovate, dark purplish crimson to 

 dark blood-red, awnless or sometimes mucronate or awned 

 (forma aristata Ohwi. Nagabo-tateyama-suge) ; perigynia 

 about 3 mm. long, broadly ovate-oval, planoconvex, sometimes 

 with 2 or 3 very slender nerves on each side, rather abruptly 



short-beaked, subentire; stigmas 2. June-July. Wet sunny 



slopes in high mountains; Honshu (centr. and n. distr. on the 

 Japan Sea side) ; locally common. 



43. Carex impura Ohwi. C. aphyllopus var. impura 

 (Ohwi) T. Koyama Hiruzen-suge. Related to the pre- 

 ceding; culms 50-80 cm. long, nearly smooth; basal leaf- 

 sheaths brownish red; spikes 4 or 5, approximate, erect, sessile, 

 the upper 1 or 2 staminate, brownish purple, the lower 1-3 (-4) 

 pistillate, short-cylindric, 1-2 cm. long, the lowest bract leaf- 

 like; pistillate scales ovate, brownish purple, long-cuspidate; 

 perigynia slightly longer than the scales, ovate, 3-5 mm. long, 

 brownish, somewhat turgid, faintly nerved, slighdy recurved 

 toward apex, gradually narrowed to a rather conspicuous 



beak, entire at the tip; stigmas 2. June-July. Honshu 



(Mount Hiruzen in Mimasaka Prov.). 



44. Carex cinerascens Kuekenth. C. micrantha Kue- 

 kenth.; C. ouensanensis Ohwi Numa-aze-suge. Rhi- 

 zomes long; culms loosely mfted, about 60 cm. long; leaf- 

 blades rather firm, 2-3 mm. wide, the lower leaf-sheaths 

 bladeless, brownish; spikes 3 to 5, the upper ones continuous, 

 the terminal staminate, 2-4 cm. long, the lateral pistillate, 

 short-cylindric, 1.5-4 cm. long, erect, sessile, the lowest bract 

 leafhke, about as long as the inflorescence; pistillate scales 

 oblong, obtuse, dark brown, with white margins, 3-nerved; 

 perigynia slightly longer than the scales, 2 mm. long, pale 

 green, planoconvex, nerveless, nearly beakless, Vv'ith entire 

 mouth; stigmas 2. May-June. Wet river banks in low- 

 lands; Honshu (Tohoku and Kanto Distr.); rare. Korea. 



45. Carex heterolepis Bunge. C. latinervia Lev. & 



Van't;. C. periculosa Honda; C. tobae Honda Yama-aze- 



suge. Rhizomes stout, extensively long-creeping; culms 

 20-60 cm. long, acutely angled, the angles scabrous in upper 

 part; leaf-blades 3-5 mm. wide, rather firm, the basal sheaths 

 (at least the lower ones) bladeless, brownish stramineous, sub- 

 rigid, splitting somewhat into fibers; spikes 3 to 7, erect, the 

 terminal staminate, the others pistillate, cylindric, contiguous 

 to approximate, sessile, 2-6 cm. long, densely many-flowered, 

 the bracts leaf -like; pistillate scales oblong, dark brown or 

 dark purplish brown; perigynia slightly longer than the scales. 



2.5-3 mm. long, nerveless, often with yellow resinous spots, 

 smooth, abruptly contracted into a short minutely 2-toothed 



beak; stigmas 2. May-June. Wet places along streams in 



low mountains; Hokkaido (sw. distr.), Honshu, Kyushu (n. 

 distr.) ; rather common. Korea and n. China. 



46. Carex eleusinoides Turcz. Hime-aze-suge. Re- 

 sembles somewhat Carex thunbergii; culms 10-30 cm. long; 

 leaves flaccid, the blades about 2 mm. wide, the basal sheaths 

 in part purplish brown; spikes 3-5, contiguous, short-cylindric 

 to oblong, the terminal gynecandrous or staminate, the lateral 

 pistillate, 1-1.5 cm. long, the lower 1 or 2 bracts leaf-like, 

 usually longer than the culm; pistillate scales oblong, obtuse, 

 dark purple; perigynia longer than the scales, 2.5 mm. long, 

 oval, pale green, minutely punctate, weakly nerved, short- 

 beaked, with an entire tip; stigmas 2. Alpine regions; Hok- 

 kaido; rare. n. Kuriles, n. Korea, and e. Siberia. 



47. Carex bigelowii Torrey. C. concolor sensu auct., 

 non R. Br.; C. hyperborea Drejer; C. vulgaris var. hyperborea 



(Drejer) Boott; C. rigida sensu auct. plur., non Gooden. 



Ohaguro-suge. Rhizomes ascending; culms 10-30 cm. long, 

 acutely angled, smooth; leaves rigid, the blades 3-4 mm. 

 wide, flat, somewhat firm, the basal sheaths sometimes blade- 

 less, firm, castaneous, shining; spikes 4 or 5, fastigiate, the 

 terminal staminate, 10-15 imn. long, the lateral pistillate, ob- 

 long, 1-2 cm. long, the upper ones sessile, the lowest one 

 short-peduncled, the lowest bract short, leaf like; pistillate scales 

 elliptic, dark brown, rounded at the apex, narrowly to 

 scarcely white-hyaline on margins; perigynia as large as or 

 slightly larger than the scales, obovate, 2.5 mm. long, green, 

 becoming brownish at maturity, turgid, densely puncticulate, 

 nerveless, abruptly very short-beaked, with an entire tip; 



stigmas 2. Alpine slopes; Hokkaido (Mount Daisetsu); 



rare. n. Korea, Kamchatka, Siberia, n. Europe, and N. 



America. 



48. Carex forficula Fr. & Sav. var. forficula. Tani- 

 gawa-suge. Densely mfted in large clumps; culms 30-50 

 cm. long, scabrous above on the angles; leaf -blades 2-4 mm. 

 wide, rather stiff, the basal sheaths bladeless, dark brown, 

 sphtting ventrally into reticulate fibers; spikes 3 to 6, erect, 

 contiguous except the lower, the terminal staminate, linear, 

 the lateral pistillate, erect, cylindric, 2-5 cm. long, sessile ex- 

 cept the often short-peduncled lowest one, the lowest bract 

 leaf like, longer than the inflorescence; pistillate scales dark 

 purplish brown, with a green midrib, 3-nerved, short-mucro- 

 nate; perigynia slightly longer than the scales, 3.5-4 mm. 

 long, moderately appressed, nerveless, abruptly rather long- 

 beaked, coarsely scabrous on the margins, the apex 2-toothed; 

 stigmas 2. ^May-June. Along mountain streams; sw. Hok- 

 kaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea and n. China. 



Var. scabrida Kuekenth. C. diamantina Lev. & Van't. 



O-tanigawa-suge. Spikelets slightiy larger; perigynia scat- 

 tered-spinose. Kyushu (Tsushima) . Korea. 



49. Carex maximovpiczii Miq. var. maximowiczii. C. 

 pruinosa var. picta Franch.; C. pruinosa subsp. maximowiczii 



(Miq.) Kuekendi. Go-so. Tufted, with ascending short 



rhizomes; cukns 40-70 cm. long, acutely angled, the angles 

 scabrous in upper part; leaves 4-6 mm. wide, rather soft, flat, 

 the basal sheaths bladeless, soft, cinnamon-colored, scarcely 

 splitting ventrally; spikes 2 to 4, approximate, the terminal 

 staminate, linear, ferrugineous, the lateral pistillate, short- 

 cylindric, 2-3.5 cm. long, 10-14 mm. wide, the lowest bract 

 leaflike, longer than the inflorescence; pistillate scales ovate. 



