232 



Cyperaceae 



scales, 2-2.5 mm. long, not turgid, nearly nerveless. May- 

 June. Wet slopes; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; 

 rather common. 



57. Carex middendorffii F. Schmidt. C. levicaulis 



Franch.; C. grandilimosa Akiyama Tomari-suge, Kuro- 



suGE, HoROMUi-suGE. Rhizomcs ascending, stout, firm, 

 branched, tufted; culms stout, rigid, 30-70 cm. long, acutely 

 3-angled; leaf-blades firm, conduplicate or flat, 2-4 mm. wide, 

 grayish green, the basal sheaths rigid, bladeless, stramineous, 

 rarely partly reddish, fibrous; spikes 3-5, die upper 2 or 3 

 staminate, clavate or lanceolate, die lower 1 or 2 pistillate or 

 with a short staminate part at tip, oblong to ellipsoidal, 1.5-3 

 cm. long, only the lowest one long-peduncled and nodding, the 

 lowest bract short, leaf-like; pistillate scales narrowly ovate, 

 dark purplish brown, rather obtuse; perigynia broadly elliptic, 

 3.5-4.5 mm. long, grayish green, planoconvex, thick-mem- 

 branous, densely punctate, prominently few-nerved, abruptly 

 very short-beaked, with a firm, entire tip; stigmas 2. June- 

 July. Sphagnum bogs; Hokkaido, Honshu (n. and centr. 



distr.); common. Kuriles, Sakhalin, Kamchatka, and Us- 



suri. 



Var. kirigaminensis (Ohwi) Ohwi. C. leiogona Franch.; 

 C. caulorrhiza Lev. & Van't.; C. semiplena Kuekenth.; C. 



caulorrhiza var. \irigaminensis Ohwi Oni-aze-suge, Kita- 



AZE-suGE, Kirigamine-suge. Diflers from the typical phase 

 in the erect cylindric spikes 2-4 cm. long, the upper ones ses- 

 sile, the lowest one short-peduncled. Occasionally found 



with the typical phase. 



58. Carex schmidtii Meinsh. C. aperta Boott, pro 



parte; C. subvaginata Meinsh.; C. vladimiroviensis Lev. 



"Schmidt"-suge, Shumitto-suge, Korai-aze-suge. Rhizomes 

 densely tufted; culms 50-70 cm. long, acutely 3-angled, promi- 

 nently scabrous on the angles above; leaf-blades 2-4 mm. wide, 

 the basal sheaths bladeless, lustrous, dark brown, fibrous; spikes 

 3 or 4, approximate, the upper 1 or 2 staminate, linear, the 

 lower 1 or 2 pistillate, cylindric, sessile, 1-3 cm. long, the 

 lowest bract leaflike, not longer than the inflorescence; pistil- 

 late scales broadly lanceolate, dark castaneous, rather obtuse; 

 perigynia broader than and nearly as long as the scales, 2.5 

 mm. long, turgid, biconvex, nerveless, minutely punctate, 

 brownish, abruptly and very shortly beaked, with an entire 

 tip; stigmas 2. Sphagnum bogs; Hokkaido; rare. e. Si- 

 beria, n. Korea, Sakhalin, Kamchatka, and Kuriles. 



59. Carex caespitosa L. var. caespitosa. C. usta 

 Franch., non Bailey; C. rubra Lev. & Van't.; C. caespitosa var. 



rubra (Lev. & Van't.) Lev. Kabu-suge, Kuro-o-suge. 



Plant densely tufted in large clumps; culms rather slender, 

 40-70 cm. long, scabrous, acutely angled; leaf-blades rather 

 firm, scabrous, 2-3 mm. wide, the basal sheaths bladeless, dark 

 reddish, prominently reticulate-fibrous; spikes 2-4, approxi- 

 mate toward the top of the culm, the terminal staminate, 

 linear, the lateral pistillate, sessile, short-cylindric, 1.5-3 cm. 

 long, about 4 mm. thick, erect, the bracts short, the lowest 

 setaceous or scalelike; pistillate scales oblong, rather obtuse, 

 dark purplish brown; perigynia longer than the scales, elliptic, 

 2-2.5 mm. long, minutely punctate, nerveless, abruptiy very 



short-beaked, the tip entire; stigmas 2. June-July. Wet 



places, especially in sphagnum bogs; Hokkaido. Cooler re- 

 gions of Eurasia. 



Var. minuta (Franch.) Kuekenth. C. minuta Franch. 



Kuro-me-suge. Basal sheaths dark reddish; pistillate spikes 



shorter, 7-15 mm. long, oblong; perigynia smaller. Wet 



places, especially in sphagnum bogs; Hokkaido. Sakhalin. 



60. Carex angustisquama Franch. Yama-tanuki-ran. 

 Culms tufted, 30-50 cm. long, scabrous above; leaf -blades 3-5 

 mm. wide, the basal sheaths bladeless, brownish crimson; 

 spikes 4-6, approximate, the terminal staminate or androgy- 

 nous, the lateral pistillate or with a few staminate flowers at 

 the apex, oblong or ovoid, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, densely many- 

 flowered, erect or the lower nodding on a rather long 

 peduncle, the lower bracts leaf like; pistillate scales narrowly 

 ovate, dark purplish brown, acute; perigynia longer and 

 broader than the scales, 4-5 mm. long, oval, much appressed, 

 thin-membranous, glabrous, with 2 spinulose-scabrous, slender 

 marginal nerves, otherwise nerveless, abruptly and very short- 

 beaked, the tip minutely 2-toothed; achenes very small; stigmas 



2. June-Aug. Subalpine regions, especially in wet gravelly 



places in volcanoes; Honshu (n. distr.). 



61. Carex doenitzii Boecklr. var. doenitzii. C. plocamo- 

 styla Maxim.; C. dicuspis Franch.; C. dicraea C. B. Clarke; 



C. nagatada\ensis Masam. Ko-tanoki-ran. Rhizomes 



densely tufted, short, firm, ascending, with stout, yellow, 

 tomentose roots; culms 30-60 cm. long; leaf-blades 3-5 mm. 

 wide, stiffish, glaucous beneath, the basal sheaths bladeless, 

 lustrous, dark red or brown, firm, reticulate-fibrous; spikes 2 

 or 3, the upper 1 or 2 staminate, linear-clavate, the others 

 pistillate or sometimes with a short staminate portion at the 

 apex, oblong to narrowly obovate, densely flowered, 1.5-3 cm. 

 long, nodding, the lower ones long-peduncled, the bracts 1 

 or 2, leaflike, not sheathing at base; pistillate scales lanceolate, 

 acute, dark sanguineous, the green, 3-nerved midrib prolonged 

 into an erect awn; perigynia shorter than the scales, 4 to 

 6 (-9) mm. long, erect, narrowly ovate, biconvex, brown- 

 striate, sparsely spinulose, gradually long-beaked, scabrous, 

 deeply bifid or bifurcate at apex, the lobes short, bristlelike; 



stigmas 2, very long, persistent. June-July. Rocks in 



mountains; Honshu (n. to centr. distr. and s. Kinki), Kyushu 

 (Yakushima) . Very polymorphic. 



Var. okuboi (Franch.) Kuekenth. C. o\uboi Franch. 



Shima-tanuki-ran. Spikelets 4-7, contiguous, thick, 1.5-2 



cm. long, sessile. Dry sandy mountain slopes; Honshu 



(Idzu Isls.). 



62. Carex scitaeformis Kuekenth. O-tanuki-ran. 

 Plant rather large, tufted; culms stout, 40-70 cm. long, soft; 

 leaf-blades broadly linear, flat, rather soft, the basal sheaths 

 reddish to cinnamon-colored, sparingly reticulate-fibrous, 

 bladeless or nearly so; spikes 4 to 7, the upper 2 or 3 staminate, 

 the others pistillate or rarely androgynous, short-cylindric to 

 oblong, pendulous or nodding on capillary peduncles, the 

 lower 1 or 2 bracts leaflike, not sheathing at base; pistillate 

 scales broadly lanceolate, dark purplish sanguineous, acute and 

 awned; perigynia ovate or broadly elliptic, appressed, about 

 5 mm. long, thin-membranous, rather flat, sparsely setulose on 

 the margins, short-stipitate, gradually narrowed into a beak 

 with a minutely 2-toothed apex; achenes never maturing; 



stigmas 2. Rocky places in mountains; Honshu (Japan Sea 



side in n. and centr. distr.) ; rare. This is probably a natural 

 hybrid of C. aphyllopus X C. podogyna. 



63. Carex podogyna Fr. & Sav. C. trichopoda Franch.; 



C. doenitzii var. trichopoda (Franch.) Kuekenth. Tanuki- 



RAN. Culms stout, tufted, 30-100 cm. long; leaf-blades 5-10 

 mm. wide, soft, partially cinnamon-colored, the ligules thin, 

 the basal-sheaths bladeless, reddish to cinnamon-colored; 

 spikes 3-6, somewhat distant, the upper 1-3 staminate, lan- 

 ceolate, the others pistillate, pendulous on long capillary pe- 

 duncles, ovoid to nearly globose, densely many-flowered, 2-4 



