Cyperaceae 



233 



cm. long, the lower bracts leaflike, not sheathing; pistillate 

 scales lanceolate, dark purplish brown, obtuse and short- 

 awned; perigynia longer than the scales, linear-lanceolate, 12- 

 15 mm. long, compressed, light green, often dark brown vari- 

 egated, thin-membranous, nerveless, long-stipitate, hairy on the 

 margins and sometimes sparsely so on the faces, gradually 



long beaked, with a 2-toothed apex; stigmas 2. June-July. 



Wet cliffs and rocky banks of ravines; Hokkaido (sw. distr.), 

 Honshu (n. and centr. distr. especially on the Japan Sea side). 



64. Carex lehtnannii Drejer. C. hideivoi Ohwi Sen- 



j6-suGE. Plant loosely tufted, short rhizomatous; culms 

 20-30 cm. long, glabrous; leaf-blades 3-4 mm. wide, deep 

 green, thin, flat, rather soft, the basal sheaths bladeless, soft, 

 dark reddish, somewhat fibrous-reticulate ventrally; spikes 3 

 or 4, contiguous, the terminal gynecandrous, the others pistil- 

 late, densely flowered, erect, elliptic to oblong, 6-8 mm. long, 

 short-peduncled (the lowest one rather long-peduncled), the 

 lowest bract leaflike, much longer than the inflorescence, not 

 sheathing; pistillate scales small, broadly ovate, dark purplish 

 brown; perigynia twice as long as the scales, ellipsoidal, about 

 2 mm. long, spreading, inflated, inconspicuously 3-angled, 

 orange-yellow, firm-membranous, faintly nerved, abruptly 

 short-beaked, with an entire, dark brown tip; stigmas 3, short. 



July-Aug. Alpine forests; Honshu (Senjo-dake in Kai 



Prov.) ; very rare. India, w. China, s. Siberia, and n. 



Korea. 



65. Carex peiktusanii Komar. C. hancoc\iana var. 



pei^tusanii (Komar.) Kuekenth. Manshu-kuro-kawa-suge. 



Culms tufted, 40-60 cm. long, rather slender, scabrous above 

 on the angles, few-leaved at purplish base; leaf-blades 2-4 mm. 

 wide, slightly paler beneath, soft, scabrous on margin, the 

 basal sheaths with blades, dark purplish, slighdy lustrous, 

 sparingly redculate-fibrous; spikes 3 or 4, nodding, the ter- 

 minal gynecandrous, clavate, the lateral pistillate, oblong to 

 oblong-cylindric, 10-25 mm. long, on long setaceous peduncles, 

 the lowest bract foliaceous, as long as or longer than the in- 

 florescence; pistillate scales ovate, ascending, pale yellowish 

 brown, membranous, acute and short-awned; perigynia nearly 

 equaling the scales, ovoid, 3-3.5 mm. long, ascending, inflated- 

 trigonous, pale green, membranous, slenderly nerved, short- 

 beaked, die tip ferrugineous, acutely bidentate; achenes loosely 

 invested by the perigynium; stigmas 3, short, slender. July- 

 Aug. Calcareous rocks in mountains; Honshu (Mount Toyo- 

 kuchi in Shinano Prov.) ; very rare. Korea and Manchuria. 



66. Carex augustinowiczii Meinsh. C. bidentula 

 Franch.; C. soyaeensis Kuekenth.; C. infirma C. B. Clarke; C. 

 flaccidior (F. Schmidt) Miyabe & Kudo; C. eleusinoides var. 

 flaccidior F. Schmidt Hiit(\GisHi-suGE, Ezo-aze-suge. Rhi- 

 zomes densely tufted, short-creeping; culms 30-50 cm. long, 

 soft, scabrous above; leaf-blades soft, flat, 2-4 mm. wide, die 

 lower basal sheaths bladeless, very short, lustrous, castaneous, 

 the upper sheaths stramineous, soft, elongate, biaded; spikes 

 4-6, sessile, approximate, the terminal staminate or rarely with 

 a few pisdilate flowers at the apex, the odiers pistillate or 

 sometimes with a few staminate flowers at base, oblong to 

 short cylindric, 1-3 cm. long, erect, the lowest bract leaflike, 

 not sheathing; pistillate scales narrowly ovate, dark purplish 

 brown or dark sanguineous, rather small; perigynia longer 

 than the scales, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2.5-3 (-4) mm. long, 

 somewhat turgid, obtusely 3-angled, pale green, thin-mem- 

 branous, faintly several-nerved, with an abrupt, short recurved 



beak, with an entire tip; stigmas 3. June-July. Moist 



mossy rocks along torrents and in ravines in subalpine re- 



gions; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. and n. distr.). Sakhalin. 



Polymorphic. 



Var. sharensis (Franch.) Ohwi. C. sharensis Franch. 



Shari-suge. Perigynia 4 mm. long, slightly narrower than 

 in die typical phase, with a longer beak. June-July. Hok- 

 kaido. 



67. Carex curvicoUis Fr. & Sav. C. viridula Fr. & Sav., 



non Michx. Naruko-suge. Plant densely tufted, short- 



rhizomatous; culms 20-40 cm. long, glabrous, slender, nod- 

 ding above; leaf-blades soft, thin, flat, 2.5-3.5 mm. wide, the 

 basal sheaths pale or the lower ones small, scalelike and dark 

 brown; spikes 3-5, the terminal staminate, linear, the lateral 

 pistillate, short-cylindric, 15-40 mm. long, sessile, or the 

 lowest one peduncled, nodding, the lowest bract not over- 

 topping the culm, not sheathing; pistillate scales small, ovate, 

 dark brown or dark purplish brown; perigynia 2 or 3 times as 

 long as the scales, lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long, obsoletely angled, 

 light or pale green, thinly membranous, fainriy nerved, 

 gradually long slighdy recurved-beaked, with an entire mem- 

 branous tip; achenes small, obovate-orbicular; style rather long, 



the stigmas short, 3-fid. Along streams in low mountains; 



Hokkaido (sw. distr.), Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. 



68. Carex mertensii Presc. var. urostachys (Franch.) 

 Kuekenth. C. urostachys Franch.; C. mertensii sensu auct. 



Japon., non Presc. Kinchaku-suge, Iwaki-suge. Culms 



tufted, 30-60 cm. long, nodding above; leaf-blades 4-8 mm. 

 wide, soft, flat, the ligule ferrugineous, the basal leaf-sheadis 

 bladeless, soft, cinnamon-colored; spikes 5-8, contiguous, nod- 

 ding, densely many-flowered, short-cylindric or oblong, 2-3 

 cm. long, peduncled, all pistillate but with a few staminate 

 flowers at base, the lower I or 2 bracts leaflike, longer than 

 the inflorescence; pistillate scales narrowly ovate, dark purple, 

 gradually narrowed to the short-awned tip; perigynia longer 

 than the scales, appressed, 4 mm. long, ovate-elliptic, very 

 much compressed, glabrous, thin-membranous, nearly white, 

 slenderly 2-nerved on the dorsal side, abruptly very short 

 beaked, with a dark-colored entire tip; achenes very small; 

 stigmas 3, short. July. Sandy and gravelly slopes in sub- 

 alpine regions, especially on volcanoes; Hokkaido, Honshu (n. 



and centr. distr. mainly on the Japan Sea side). s. Kuriles. 



The typical phase occurs in N. America. 



69. Carex atrata L. var. japonalpina T. Koyama. C. 



japonalpina (T. Koyama) T. Koyama Kurobo-suge. 



Culms 20-50 cm. long, in small loose tufts, slighdy nodding 

 above; leaf-blades 3-5 mm. wide, the basal sheaths dark 

 purplish red; spikes 3 to 5, contiguous, the terminal gynecan- 

 drous, the odiers pistillate, approximate, oblong to narrowly 

 so, 10-25 mm. long, nodding, peduncled, the lowest bract long- 

 brisdeform, as long as the inflorescence; pistillate scales ovate, 

 dark brown, acute; perigynia nearly as long as and slightly 

 broader than the scales, elliptic, 3-3.5 mm. long, membranous, 

 tawny-flecked, nerveless, abruptly short-beaked, slighdy emar- 



ginate; achenes loosely inclosed, small; stigmas 3, short. 



July-Aug. Alpine slopes; Honshu (centr. mountains); ver>' 



rare. n. Korea. A variable widespread species, Siberia to 



Europe and N. America. 



70. Carex gmelinii Hook. & Arn. Nemuro-suge. Rhi- 

 zomes tufted; culms 30-70 cm. long, slender, often nodding 

 above; leaf-blades 3-5 mm. wide, the basal sheaths dark 

 sanguineous; spikes 3-5, contiguous, oblong to narrowly so, 

 1.5-3 cm. long, the terminal gynecandrous, the others pistil- 

 late, sessile, or the lower ones peduncled, the bracts nearly 

 leaflike, not sheathing; pistillate scales ovate-elliptic, dark 



