Cyperaceae 



237 



much shorter than the culm, the basal sheaths pale, sphtting 

 into brownish fibers when withered; spikes 2-4, contiguous, 

 erect, the terminal staminate, clavate-linear, 10-15 mm. long, 

 light greenish yellow, the others pistillate, oblong, 7-12 mm. 

 long, short-peduncled, the lowest bract setaceous, usually very 

 short-sheathing; pistillate scales obovate, pale to tawny, acute; 

 perigynia 2-2.5 mm. long, obliquely spreading, strongly 

 nerved, short-pubescent, abrupriy short-beaked, emarginate at 



tip; stigmas 3. Apr.-May. Sunny fields in lowlands and 



hills; Hokkaido (rare), Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. 

 s. Korea. 



89. Carex caryophyllea var. microtricha (Franch.) 

 Kuekenth. C. vema var. microtricha (Franch.) Ohwi; C. 



microtricha Franch.; C. squamoidea Akiyama Cha-shiba- 



suGE, Hama-shiba-suge. Rhizomes long-creeping, rarely 

 loosely tufted, the neck sparsely covered with brown fibers; 

 culms 10-40 cm. long, nearly glabrous; leaf-blades rather 

 short, 2-3 mm. wide; spikes 2-A, approximate, or the lower 

 ones distant, the terminal staminate, clavate-lanceolate, 1-2 cm. 

 long, the others pistillate, oblong, 7-20 mm. long, peduncled, 

 the lowest bract nearly setaceous, short-sheadiing; pistillate 

 scales ovate, castaneous, acute to mucronate; perigynia slightly 

 longer than the scales, about 3 mm. long, obliquely spreading, 

 obovoid, sparsely puberulent, sometimes glabrescent, faintly 

 nerved, abruptly short-beaked, with an emarginate tip; stigmas 

 3. May-July. Sunny slopes near the seacoast and in moun- 

 tains; Hokkaido, Honshu (n. and centr. distr.). Sakhalin, 



Kuriles, Kamchatka, Korea, and widely distributed in the 

 northern part of e. Asia. The typical phase occurs in Europe 

 and Siberia and is naturalized in N. America. 



90. Carex sabynensis Less. C. pedijormis var. obliqtta 

 Turcz.; C. pedijormis var. caespitosa F. Schmidt; C. k.ami\a- 

 wcnsis Franch.; C. recticulmis Franch.; C. itmbrosa subsp. 

 sabynensis (Less.) Kuekenth. Kamikawa-suge. Rhi- 

 zomes tufted; the neck thickly covered with dark brown 

 fibers; culms slender, 20-50 cm. long, nearly glabrous; leaf- 

 blades elongate, 2-3 mm. wide; spikes 2 or 3, erect, approxi- 

 mate, the terminal staminate, clavate, 1-1.5 cm. long, the 

 lateral pistillate, ovoid to oblong, 5-15 mm. long, the upper 

 ones nearly sessile, the lowest bract setaceous, short-sheathing; 

 pistillate scales oblong, brown, obtuse or rounded; perigynia 

 slightly longer than the scales, about 3 mm. long, obliquely 

 spreading, obovoid, faintly nerved, hispidulous, abrupdy very 

 short-beaked, 2-toothed at apex; stigmas 3, short. May- 

 July. Sunny fields or open woods; Hokkaido, Honshu (n. 

 distr.). e. Siberia, Sakhalin, s. Kuriles, and Korea. 



Var. rostrata (Maxim.) Ohwi. C. pedijormis var. rostrala 

 Maxim.; C. lucidula Franch.; C. timbrosa subsp. sabynensis 

 var. stolonijera Kuekenth.; C. subbracteata Ohwi; C. praesta- 



bilis Ohwi Tsuru-kamikawa-suge. Rhizomes tufted 



and creeping; leaves elongate and much overtopping the culms 



after flowering. May-July. Wet grassy places; Honshu (n. 



and centr. distr.), Kyushu (n. distr.). e. Siberia and Korea. 



91. Carex breviculmis R. Br. C. leucochlora Bungc; C. 

 lonchophora Ohwi; C. royleana Nees ex Wight; C. langsdorj- 



fii Boott; C. filiailmis Fr. & Sav. Ao-suge. Culms 5-40 



cm. long, slender, tufted; leaves narrowly linear, 1-5 mm. wide, 

 shorter than to nearly as long as the culm; spikelets 2-6, erect, 

 the terminal staminate, 4-20 mm. long, light green, the others 

 pistillate, oblong to short-cylindric, nearly sessile or the lower 

 ones short-pedunculate, 5-30 mm. long, densely flowered, the 

 lowest bracts leaflike, sheathing at base; pistillate scales ob- 



ovate, light green, acute or short-awned; perigynia slighdy 

 longer than the scales, obovoid, green, 1.5-3 mm. long, pubes- 

 cent, many-nerved, abruptly short-beaked, minutely 2-toothed 



at tip; stigmas 3. Apr.-July. Abundant in open fields; 



Hokkaido to Kyushu. Korea, China, India, and Australia. 



Var. puberula (Boott) T. Koyama. C. puberula Boott 



Ko-ao-suge. Plant low; leaves shorter than the culms; 



spikelets rather few-flowered, the lowest one often almost radi- 

 cal. Shady hillsides; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. part and 



north.). 



Var. discoidea Boott. Carex discoidea Boott; C. aphanan- 

 dra Fr. & Sav.; C. perangusta Ohwi; C. leucochlora var. 



aphanandra (Fr. & Sav.) T. Koyama Hime-ao-suge. Plant 



slender, loosely tufted with long slender creeping rhizomes; 

 spikelets small, crowded at the top of the culm; bracts barely 

 sheathing; perigynia about 1.5 mm. long, less hairy. Hon- 

 shu, Kyushu. Ryukyus. 



Var. fibrillosa (Fr. & Sav.) Kuekenth. C. fibrillosa Fr. & 

 Sav.; C. breviculmis var. pluricostata Kuekenth.; C. brevi- 

 culmis subsp. royleana forma fibrillosa (Fr. & Sav.) Kuekenth.; 



C. tosaensis Akiyama Hama-ao-suge. Plant robust; 



stolons tough, elongate; lowest bracks longer than the in- 

 florescence; pistillate spikelets densely many-flowered; pistil- 

 late scales easily falling off in fruit; perigynia about 3 mm. 



long, strongly ribbed, yellowish when mature. Sandy 



coasts; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. s. Korea. 



92. Carex jacens C. B. Clarke. C. geantha Ohwi 



Hagakure-suge. Rhizomes very short; culms slender, many, 

 tufted, 7-15 cm. long, glabrous; leaf-blades about 2 mm. wide, 

 thin, flat, soft, overtopping the culms; spikes 5-7, the terminal 

 staminate, pale, 6-7 mm. long, the others pistillate, narrowly 

 oblong, 6-10 mm. long, the upper one contiguous, the lower 

 1 or 2 always radical or nearly so, the bracts leaflike, sheath- 

 ing at base; pistillate scales obovate, pale green, very obtuse 

 and mucronate, thin-membranous; perigynia about 3 mm. 

 long, nearly erect, oblong-fusiform, thin-membranous, faindy 

 nerved, rather abruptly short-beaked, with an emarginate tip; 

 stigmas 3. June-July. Coniferous woods; Hokkaido, Hon- 

 shu (n. and centr. distr.). s. Kuriles. 



93. Carex rugata Ohwi. C. kjngiana Lev. & Van't., pro 

 minima parte; C. breviculmis subsp. royleana var. \ingiana 



(Lev. & Van't.) Kuekenth. Kusa-suge. Soft, green, 



loosely tufted herb, blackish when dried; culms 15-30 cm. long, 

 glabrous, soft; leaf-blades soft, thin, vivid green, 2-3 mm. 

 wide, the basal sheaths pale; spikes 3 or 4, cauline, the termi- 

 nal staminate, few-flowered, nearly sessile, 5-10 mm. long, the 

 odiers pistillate, oblong, 5-10 mm. long, approximate, the 

 lower ones distant, the peduncles scarcely exserted from the 

 sheaths of short-biaded bracts; pistillate scales pale green, nar- 

 rowly obovate, obtuse, the green midrib exserted and mucro- 

 nate; perigynia longer than die scales, broadly ovoid, 2.5-3 

 mm. long, thin-membranous, several-nerved, with few trans- 

 verse wrinkles on the sides, abruptly short-beaked with an 



emarginate tip. Apr.-May. Open woods in hillsides and 



low mountains; Hokkaido (rare), Honshu, Kyushu. 



94. Carex stenostachys Fr. & Sav. var. sfenostacliys. 



C. pisijormis sensu auct. Japon., pro parte, non Boott 



NisHi-No-HoMMONji-suGE. Densely tufted, forming large 

 clumps; culms many, 30-50 cm. long, slender but rather firm, 

 slighdy scabrous; leaf-blades rather stiff, 2-3 mm. wide, the 

 basal sheaths castaneous, entire and scarcely fibrous, rigid; 

 spikes nearly always 3, approximate, erect, the terminal 



