244 



Cyperaceae 



cuspidate; perigynia narrow-obovate, 2.5-3 mm. long, trigo- 

 nous, almost nerveless except the lateral 2 keels, short-stipitate 

 at base; achenes elliptical; otherwise with the characters of C. 



oxyandra. Honshu (Mount Tateshina, Shinano Prov.); 



rare. 



132. Carex limosa L. C. limosa var. fuscocuprea Kue- 



kenth.; C. fuscocuprea (Kuekenth.) V. Krecz. Yachi-suge. 



Rhizomes elongate, long-creeping, with yellow-tomentose, 

 thick roots; culms 20-40 cm. long; leaf-blades 1.5-2.5 mm. 

 wide, cinereous-green, the sheaths reddish brown; spikes 2 or 

 3, distant, the terminal staminate, linear, 2-2.5 cm. long, on an 

 erect peduncle, dark tawny, the others pistillate or rarely with a 

 short terminal staminate portion, ovoid or oblong, 15-20 mm. 

 long, pendulous on long setaceous peduncles, the lowest bract 

 bristlelike, erect; pistillate scales ovate, acute, sharply mucro- 

 nate, copper-brown; perigynia narrower and slightly shorter 

 than the scales, elliptic, 3.5-4 mm. long, glaucous-green, com- 

 pressed-triangular, several-nerved, densely puncticulate, 

 abruptly very short-beaked, with a ferrugineous emarginate 



tip; achene compressed-trigonous; stigmas 3. June- Aug. 



Sphagnum bogs; Hokkaido, Honshu (Tajima Prov. and 



eastw.) ; rather common. Widely distributed in bogs in the 



N. Hemisphere. 



133. Carex paupercula Michx. C. limosa var. irrigua 

 Wahlenb.; C. irrigua (Wahlenb.) Smith; C. gentiliana Lev.; 



C. magellanica sensu auct. Japon., non Lam. ^Dake-suge. 



Somewhat resembles the preceding; culms 20-40 cm. long; 

 leaf-blades flat, bright green, 2-3 mm. wide, the basal sheaths 

 brown, rarely reddish; spikes 2-4, approximate, the terminal 

 staminate (rarely gynecandrous), linear, 7-15 mm. long, few- 

 flowered, the lateral 2 or 3 pistillate, oblong, 10-15 mm. long, 

 pendulous on long setaceous peduncles, the lowest bract leaf- 

 like, erect, scarcely sheathing; pistillate scales broadly lanceo- 

 late, long-acuminate, dark copper-red; perigynia suberect, 

 shorter and broader than the scales, broadly elliptic, 2.5-3 

 mm. long, compressed-trigonous, densely puncticulate, slen- 

 derly few-nerved, nearly beakless, the tip ferrugineous, entire; 



stigmas 3. June-July. Sphagnum bogs in mountains; 



Honshu (Shinano and Uzen Prov.). n. Kuriles, and 



widely distributed in the N. Hemisphere. 



134. Carex livida (Wahlenb.) Willd. C. limosa var. 



livida Wahlenb.; C. fujitae Kudo Musen-suge. Rhizoma- 



tous, the roots smooth, white, fibrous; culms 20-30 cm. long, 

 glabrous; leaf -blades erect, cinereous-green, rather flat, 2-3 mm. 

 wide, the sheaths partially grayish brown; spikes 2-4, erect, 

 the terminal staminate, lanceolate, reddish brown, 1-1.5 cm. 

 long, the others pistillate, short-cylindric, few-flowered, short- 

 peduncled, 1-2 cm. long, the bract leaflike, longer than the 

 spikes, very short-sheathing; pistillate scales elliptic, obtuse, 

 light brown, deciduous; perigynia slightly longer than the 

 scales, ovoid, 4 mm. long, erect, 3-angled, glaucous, densely 

 puncticulate, inconspicuously nerved, nearly beakless, with a 



ferrugineous entire tip; stigmas 3. July. Bogs in high 



mountains; Hokkaido (Mount Taisetsu). Korea, Kuriles, 



and widely occurring in northern part of the N. Hemisphere. 



135. Carex laxa Wahlenb. C. macrocAlamys Franch. 



Ito-naruko-suge. Rhizomatous; culms 20-40 cm. long, 



slender, glabrous; leaf-blades soft, 1.5-2.5 mm. wide, the 

 sheaths pale or light brownish; spikes 2 or 3, loose, the 

 terminal staminate, linear, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, tawny, the lateral 

 pistillate, oblong to narrowly so, rather densely flowered, 

 pendulous on long peduncles, the lowest bract short, leaflike. 



long-sheathing; pistillate scales oval, very obtuse, reddish 

 cupreus; perigynia as large as the scales, ascending, ovoid, 

 more or less compressed-trigonous, glaucous, densely puncticu- 

 late, indistinctly nerved, abruptly short-beaked, with a fer- 

 rugineous entire tip; stigmas 3. Bogs; Hokkaido, Honshu 



(Rikuchu Prov.) ; rare. n. Korea, Kuriles, and Siberia to 



Europe. 



136. Carex vaginata Tausch var. petersii (C. A. Mey.) 

 Akiyama. C. falcata Turcz.; C. petersii C. A. Mey.; C. 



sparsiflora var. petersii (C. A. Mey.) Kuekenth. Saya-suge, 



Ke-yari-suge. Rhizomes elongate, slender; culms 20-50 cm. 

 long, glabrous; leaf-blades soft, flat, bright green, 2-5 mm. 

 wide, the sheaths partially dark reddish purple; spikes 2-4, 

 distant, the terminal staminate, broadly linear, 1.5-2 cm. long, 

 dark purplish brown, the lateral pistillate, short-cylindric, 

 rather densely many-flowered, long-peduncled, 1.5-2 cm. long, 

 the bracts short-bladed, long-sheathing; pistillate scales ovate, 

 dark purplish brown or dark reddish purple; perigynia longer 

 than the scales, ascending to spreading, obtusely 3-angled, 

 ovoid, membranous, glabrous, faintly nerved, abruptly short 

 to rather long-beaked, with an obsoletely 2-toothed apex; 



stigmas 3. June-July. Woods in mountains; Hokkaido, 



Honshu (Mount Yakeishidake in Rikuchu Prov.); rare. 



e. Siberia, Sakhalin, Kamchatka, s. and centr. Kuriles, and 

 Korea. The typical phase occurs in Canada, Siberia, and Eu- 

 rope. 



137. Carex pilosa Scop. C. auriculata Franch.; C. ha\o- 

 datensis Lev. & Van't.; C. pilosa var. auriculata (Franch.) 



Kuekenth. Sapporo-suge, Hana-magari-suge, Mimi-suge. 



Rhizomes slender, elongate; culms 30-60 cm. long, usually 

 loosely pilose; leaf-blades 5-10 mm. wide, flat, abruptly acumi- 

 nate, soft, loosely pilose or sometimes glabrous, deep green, the 

 basal sheaths (at least the lower ones) bladeless and dark 

 purplish sanguineous; spikes 3 or 4, distant, the terminal 

 staminate, linear-clavate, 10-20 mm. long, long-peduncled and 

 much overtopping the next one, the lateral pistillate, cylindric, 

 2-3 cm. long, loosely flowered, the lower ones long-peduncled, 

 the bracts leaflike, usually pilose, long-sheathing; pistillate 

 scales ovate, acute, dark reddish purple; perigynia longer than 

 the scales, ovoid, 4-5 mm. long, obtusely 3-angled, light green, 

 membranous, glabrous, weakly nerved, abruptly rather long- 

 beaked, with an obliquely truncate, emarginate, membranous 



apex; stigmas 3. June-July. Woods; Hokkaido, Honshu 



(n. distr. south to Yechigo Prov.) ; rare. Sakhalin, Korea, 



and westw. to n. Europe. 



138. Carex kujuzana Ohwi. Kuju-tsuri-suge. Rhi- 

 zomes creeping, rather short; culms solitary to few, soft, 50-60 

 cm. long, acutely angled, glabrous; leaf -blades 3—4 mm. wide, 

 soft, flat, flaccid, abruptly pointed; spikes 2 or 3, widely dis- 

 tant, the terminal staminate, long-pedunculate, lanceolate, 

 2-2.5 mm. long, dark reddish, the lateral pistillate, 1-1.5 cm. 

 long, oblong, 5- to 8-flowered, pendulous on very long capillary 

 peduncles, the bracts leaflike, long-sheathing; pistillate scales 

 acute, pale tawny, partially dark reddish; perigynia longer 

 than the scales, 6 mm. long, spreading, broadly obovoid, light 

 yellowish green, slenderly nerved, the beak long, deflexed, with 



an obliquely truncate hyaline tip; stigmas 3. ^May. Grassy 



slopes in mountains; Kyushu (Mount Kuju) ; very rare. 



139. Carex dissitispicula Ohwi. C. \unioi T. Koyama 



Karuizawa-tsuri-suge. Rhizomes elongate, creeping; 



culms solitary to few, slender, soft, 25-60 cm. long, glabrous; 

 leaf-blades of the sterile fascicles elongate and overtopping the 



