250 



Cyperaceae 



cm. long, long-peduncled, pendulous, cylindric, the lower ones 

 distant, the bracts leaflike, short-sheathing; pistillate scales nar- 

 rowly ovate, acuminate and short-awned, pale tawny; peri- 

 gynia longer than the scales, 4.5-5 mm. long, ellipsoidal, dis- 

 tincdy 3-angled, light yellowish green, somewhat lustrous, 

 membranous, with 2 costal nerves, long-beaked, with a hyaline, 



2-toothed tip; stigmas 3, very long, persistent. May-July. 



Grassy places and open woods in mountains; Honshu (centr. 

 distr.). 



177. Carex idzuroei Fr. & Sav. C. pseudovesicaria Lev. 



& Van't. Uma-suge. Rhizomes elongate; culms 40-60 



cm. long; leaf-blades flat, soft, 4-8 mm. wide, the basal sheaths 

 pale, partially reddish purple; spikes 4 or 5, the upper 1 or 2 

 staminate, linear, 2-4 cm. long, the others pistillate, oblong, 

 2-3 cm. long, rather densely flowered, erect, distant, sessile, the 

 lower peduncled, the lower bracts leaflike, scarcely sheathing; 

 pistillate scales lanceolate-ovate, cuspidate, pale to stramineous; 

 perigynia nearly twice as long as the scales, 10-12 mm. long, 

 obliquely spreading, oblong-ovoid, inflated, thick but rather 

 soft, light green but becoming dark grayish brown when dried, 

 glabrous, ribbed, long-beaked, with a hyaline 2-toothed tip; 



stigmas 3. May-June. Wet muddy places along rivers and 



ditches in lowlands; Honshu (Kanto Distr. and westw.), Shi- 

 koku, Kyushu. — ■ — China. 



178. Carex hymenodon Ohwi. C. aequibilirostris Suto 

 & Suzuki Yama-kubo-suge, Hime-mikuri-suge. Rhi- 

 zomes long-creeping; culms 40-50 cm. long, glabrous; leaf- 

 blades flat, fresh-green, soft, 4-7 mm. wide, the basal sheaths 

 pale, partially dark reddish purple; spikes 3 or 4, erect, the 

 upper 1 or 2 staminate, linear, 3-4 cm. long, long-peduncled, 

 the others pistillate, approximate, short-cylindric, 1.5-3 cm. 

 long, the lower ones short-peduncled, the bracts leaflike, nearly 

 sheathless; pistillate scales ovate, acute, pale; perigynia longer 

 than the scales, about 6 mm. long, spreading, ovoid-oval, in- 

 flated, obsoletely 3-angled, light green, glabrous, many-nerved, 



the beak short, erect, with 2-toothed hyaline Up; stigmas 3. 



May-June. Swampy places in hills and low mountains; Hon- 

 shu (Shimotsuke Prov.) ; rare. 



179. Carex olivacea Boott var. angustior Kuekenth. 

 C. confertiflora Boott; C. olivacea sensu auct. Japon., non 



Boott ^MiYAMA-SHiRA-suGE. Rhizomes stout, creeping; 



culms stout, 30-80 cm. long, with 1 or 2 nodes; leaf -blades 

 flat, soft, 8-15 mm. wide, prominently whitish beneath, the 

 basal sheaths pale; spikes 3-6, erect, the terminal (rarely the 

 upper 2) staminate, linear, 3-7 cm. long, pale yellow, the 

 lateral pistillate, very densely many-flowered, cylindric, 2.5-5 

 cm. long, 7-9 mm. thick, nearly sessile, the bracts leaflike, 

 longer than the culm, sheathless or the sheath extremely short; 

 pistillate scales narrowly oblong, obtuse and short-awned, pale 

 or light tawny; perigynia slightly longer than the scales, 4 mm. 

 long, spreading, broadly obovoid, glabrous, inflated, light 

 green, grayish brown when dried, wrinkled, slenderly many- 

 nerved, the beak short, recurved, with a hyaline 2-toothed tip; 



stigmas 3. May-July. Wet muddy places in mountains; 



Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; rather abundant. 



The typical phase occurs in India, Indochina, and Malaysia. 



180. Carex brownii Tuckerm. C. nipposinica Ohwi 



AwABo-suGE. Plant loosely tufted; culms 30-70 cm. 



long, acutely 3-angled, with 1 node; leaf-blades flat, rather 

 stiff, deep green, 3-5 mm. wide, the basal sheaths bladeless, 

 brownish red; spikes 3 or 4, 1.5-3 cm. long, all but the lowest 

 one approximate or nearly fastigiate, the terminal staminate. 



linear, pale to light tawny, usually overtopped by the lower 

 pistillate ones, 1.5-3 cm. long, erect, densely flowered, 

 cylindric, peduncled, the bracts leaflike, the lower longer than 

 the inflorescence, long-sheathing; pistillate scales elliptic, pale, 

 with a broad green 3-nerved midrib projecting as a long awn; 

 perigynia as long as or slightly shorter than the awns of the 

 scales, about 3 mm. long, spreading, obovoid-globose, much 

 inflated, thick-membranous, obsoletely 3-angled, light green, 

 brownish when dried, abrupdy short-beaked, with a hyaline 



2-toothed tip; stigmas 3, short. Wet sunny grassy places 



or open woods; Hokkaido (sw. distr.), Honshu, Shikoku, 

 Kyushu; rather rare. Korea, China, Formosa to Australia. 



181. Carex transversa Boott. C. brownii var. transversa 



(Boott) Kuekenth. Yawara-suge. Closely allied to the 



preceding, but more densely tufted; culms smaller; leaves 

 slightly flaccid; perigynia 5-6 mm. long, the beak longer than 

 the awn of the scale. Apr .-June. Sandy wet places in low- 

 lands and hillsides; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. 



Korea, China, and Ryukyus. 



Carex X furusei T. Koyama. Hybrid of C. brownii X 



C. transversa Hashi-naga-awabo-suge. Differs from 



Carex transversa in the rather short-beaked perigynia and 



stouter culms decumbent at base. Honshu (Awa, Shinano 



Prov.). 



182. Carex viridula Michx. C. oederi var. viridula 

 (Michx.) Kuekenth.; C. flava var. viridula (Michx.) Bailey 



Ezo-sawa-suge. Rhizomes densely tufted, forming small 



clumps; culms 10-30 cm. long, slender, firm, glabrous; leaf- 

 blades erect, stiff, yellowish green, 1.5-2.5 mm. wide, gradually 

 acuminate, the basal sheaths stramineous; spikes 3 or 4, erect, 

 closely contiguous, the lower ones sometimes distant and 

 peduncled, the terminal staminate, linear, 7-15 mm. long, 

 light ferrugineous, the lateral pistillate, oblong-globose, 5-8 

 mm. long, densely flowered, subsessile, the lowest bract leaf- 

 like, much longer than the inflorescence, short-sheathing; 

 pistillate scales broadly ovate, rather acute, ferrugineous; 

 perigynia longer than the scales, 2.5-3 mm. long, broadly 

 obovoid, turgid, 3-angled, thick-membranous, glabrous, 

 strongly several-nerved, yellowish green, abrupdy short- 

 beaked, the tip rigid, deeply 2-toothed; stigmas 3, short, slen- 

 der. June- July. Wet places in lowlands and highlands; 



Hokkaido, Honshu (Shinano to Hitachi Prov. and northw.) ; 



rather rare. Sakhalin, s. Kuriles, Kamchatka, and N. 



America. Forma oederioides (Tatew. & Akiyama) T. 



Koyama. C. oederioides Tatew. & Akiyama; C. oederi var. 

 oederioides (Tatew. & Akiyama) Ohwi. A much depauperate 

 phase. Hokkaido. 



183. Carex nemostachys Steud. C. excurva Boott; C. 



zollingeri Kunze, ex Boecklr. Aki-kasa-suge. Rhizomes 



loosely tufted, bearing stout, elongate stolons; culms 30-60 cm. 

 tall; leaves with flat, stiff, elongate blades 4-5 mm. wide, the 

 basal sheaths pale-stramineous; spikes 5-7, erect, densely ar- 

 ranged, the terminal one staminate, Unear-cylindric, 4-8 cm. 

 long, pale to pale-stramineous, the lateral spikes pistillate, nar- 

 rowly cylindric, densely many-flowered, 4-10 cm. long, sessile, 

 the lower ones short-peduncled, the lower 1 or 2 bracts leaflike, 

 sheathless; pistillate scales lanceolate, long-awned, pale; peri- 

 gynia longer than die scales, 3-3.5 mm. long, obliquely 

 spreading, obovoid, pale yellowish green, membranous, few- 

 nerved, lusterless, scabrous, abruptly contracted into a long 

 recurved beak with a hyaline obscurely 2-toothed tip; stigmas 

 3, slender, deciduous. July-Sept. Swampy places along 



