Cyperaceae 



251 



streams in low mountains; Honshu (Yamato Prov. and w. 



Chugoku Distr.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryukyus, China, and 



Indochina. 



184. Carex dispalata Boott var. dispalata. C. sub- 



anceps Boecklr.; C. coronata Lev. Kasa-suge. Rhizomes 



clustered, long-creeping; cuhns rather stout, 40-100 cm. long; 

 leaf-blades 4-8 mm. wide, flat, rather stiff, the basal sheaths 

 partially dark reddish purple, splitting into fibers, the terminal 

 staminate, linear-cylindric, 4-7 cm. long, dark reddish purple, 

 the odiers pistillate, cyhndric, sessile or peduncled, erect or 

 nodding, densely many-flowered, 3-10 cm. long, the bracts 

 leaflike, sheathless; pistillate scales ovate to oblong, sometimes 

 cuspidate, purple-brown; perigynia longer than the scales, 3—4 

 mm. long, spreading to divergent, glabrous, thick-membra- 

 nous, inconspicuously nerved or nerveless except for 2 costal 

 nen'es, greenish, dark brown when dried, dull, the beak long, 

 recurved, with an obliquely truncate hyaline tip; stigmas 3, 



rather diick, deciduous. Apr.-July. Wet places around 



ponds and along rivers in lowlands; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shi- 

 koku, Kyushu; common. Korea, Ussuri, Manchuria, China, 



s. Kuriles, and Sakhalin. 



Var. takeuchii (Ohwi) Ohwi. C. persistens Ohwi; C, per- 



sistens var. ta\etichii Ohwi Kinki-kasa-suge. Culms 



30-70 cm. long; leaf-blades softer, the basal sheaths pale; peri- 

 gynia thinner, light yellowish, slightly brownish when dried, 

 closely investing the achene, the beak slightly elongate, erect; 

 stigmas 3, slender, persistent, longer than the perigynium. 



May-June. Wet places along streams and ravines in 



mountains; Honshu (Kinki, Chugoku Distr.). 



185. Carex pumila Thunb. C. littorea Labill.; C. 

 platyrhyncha Fr. & Sav.; C. nutans var. japonica Fr. & Sav.; 



C. nutans var. platyrhyncha (Fr. & Sav.) Kuekenth, KoBO- 



SHiBA. Rhizomes extensively creeping, branching; culms 



10-20(-30) cm. long, obtusely angled, glabrous, firm, the basal 

 sheaths reddish brown, splitting into fibers; leaf -blades flat, 

 stiff, 2-4 mm. wide; upper 2 or 3 (rarely 1) spikes staminate, 

 linear, 2-3 cm. long, reddish brown, the lower 1 or 2 pistil- 

 late, approximate, oblong to short-cylindric, 1.5-3 cm. long, 

 short-peduncled, erect, the bracts leaflike, short-sheathing; 

 pistillate scales narrowly ovate, acute, cuspidate, somewhat 

 reddish brown; perigynia longer than the scales, 6-8 mm. long, 

 ascending, ovoid-conical, ligneous, brownish green, obsoletely 

 3-angIed, slenderly nerved, glabrous, abruptly short-beaked, 

 with a firm bifurcate tip; stigmas 3. — —May-July. Sandy 

 places along seacoasts; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; 



common. Sakhalin, s. Kuriles, Korea, China, Ryukyus, and 



Formosa to .Australia. 



186. Carex scabrifolia Steud. C. pierotii Miq.; C. yabei 



Lev. & Van't. Shio-kugu. Rhizomes short-creeping; 



culms 3-angled, sparingly scabrous above, 30-50 cm. long; 

 leaves overtopping the culm, blades 1.5-2.5 mm. wide, slightly 

 involute, sulcate, the basal sheaths bladeless, partially dark 

 reddish purple, splitting into fibers; spikes 3 or 4, the upper 

 2-4 staminate, approximate, linear, 2-4 cm. long, pale to red- 

 dish brown, the lower 1 or 2 pistillate, oblong, 1-2 cm. long, 

 nearly sessile, the lowest bract leaflike, longer than the in- 

 florescence, sheathless; pistillate scales deltoid-ovate, acute, 

 pale ferrugineous; perigv'nia longer than the scales, 6-8 mm. 

 long, oblong-ellipsoidal, ligneous, slenderly nerved, glabrous, 

 the beak short, erect, thick, shallowly bilobed; stigmas 3, short. 



Apr.-July. Wet places near tidal zone at mouth of rivers 



or in lagoons, below high tide level; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shi- 



koku, Kyushu; common. Korea, Manchuria, Ussuri, Ryu- 

 kyus, Formosa, and China. 



187. Carex rugulosa Kuekenth. C. riparia var. rugulosa 



(Kuekenth.) Kuekenth. 0-kugu. Somewhat resembles 



the preceding, but larger; rhizomes long-creeping; culms stout, 

 glabrous, 40-70 cm. long, somewhat thickened at base; leaf- 

 blades flat, 5-10 mm. wide, the basal sheaths bladeless, partially 

 dark reddish brown, sparsely fibrous; upper 3-5 spikes stami- 

 nate, sessile, linear-cylindric, 2-4 cm. long, dark brown, ap- 

 proximate, the lower 2-4 pistillate, cylindric, erect, 2.5-5 cm. 

 long, short-peduncled, the bracts leaflike, the lowest sometimes 

 sheathing; pistillate scales very obtuse, short-awned, castaneous 

 to ferrugineous; perigynia longer than the scales, 6-7 mm. 

 long, oblong, ligneous, faintly nerved, glabrous, gradually 



short-beaked, the tip bifurcate; stigmas 3, short. May-July. 



Wet places at mouth of rivers; Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu; 

 rare. Korea, Manchuria to Ussuri. 



188. Carex pauciflora Lightf. C. microglochin sensu 



auct. Japon., non Wahlenb. Takane-hari-suge, Migaeri- 



suge. Rhizomes slender, long-creeping; culms 10-15 cm. 

 long, erect, glabrous, slender, somewhat firm; leaf-blades sul- 

 cate above, about 1 mm. wide, shorter than the culm; spike 

 solitary, terminal, androgynous, oblanceolate at anthesis, 6-8 

 mm. long, loosely flowered, composed of 2-3 staminate and 2-4 

 pistillate flowers; pistillate scales caducous at maturity, lanceo- 

 late, rather acute, light ferrugineous; perigynia longer than the 

 scales, 6-6.5 mm. long, at first appressed, reflexed at maturity, 

 linear-lanceolate, slenderly many-nerved, light green, thick 

 membranous, gradually long-beaked, glabrous, entire, truncate 

 at tip; stigmas 3, short. June-July. High moors; Hok- 

 kaido, Honshu (Mount Naeba in Echigo, Mount Adzuma in 



Iwashiro, Oze in Shimotsuke and elsewhere) ; rare. Kuriles, 



Sakhalin, and widely distributed in the N. Hemisphere. 



189. Carex michauxiana Boecklr. var. asiatica (Hult.) 

 Ohwi. C. michauxiana sensu auct. Japon., non Boecklr.; C. 

 michauxiana subsp. asiatica Hult. Mitake-suge. Rhi- 

 zomes tufted; culms erect, sometimes briefly ascending at base, 

 somewhat firm, 20-50 cm. long, nearly glabrous, 1- to 3-leaved 

 on the lower half; leaf-blades flat, stiff, 3-5 mm. wide, shorter 

 than die culm, the basal sheaths pale, sparsely grayish brown 

 fibrous; spikes 3-5, the terminal staminate, linear, pale tawny, 

 1-1.5 cm. long, somewhat inconspicuous, the others pistillate, 

 ovoid-globose, several-flowered, the upper approximate and 

 subsessile, the lower widely distant, long-peduncled, erect, 

 1-1.5 cm. long, the bracts leaflike, long-sheathing; pistillate 

 scales ovate, obtuse, entire, pale tawny; perigynia 2 or more 

 times as long as the scales, 10-13 mm. long, spreading, nar- 

 rowly lanceolate, rather coriaceous, yellowish green, glabrous, 

 slightly lustrous, many-nerved, gradually long-beaked and 



shallowly 2-toodied; stigmas 3, short. June-July. High 



moors; Hokkaido, Honshu (n. and centr. distr.). Kuriles, 



Kamchatka. The typical phase occurs in N. America. 



190. Carex pseudocyperus L. Kucu-suge. Culms 

 30-70 cm. tall, mfted; leaf -blades rather stiff, 5-7 mm. wide, 

 the basal sheaths pale; spikes 3-5, contiguous, the terminal 

 staminate, erect, linear, 2-3 cm. long, the others pistillate, 

 cylindric, 2-5 cm. long, nodding, peduncled, densely many- 

 flowered, the bracts leaflike, longer than the inflorescence, the 

 lowest one subvaginate; pistillate scales narrowly ovate, long- 

 awned, pale, ciliolate; perigynia more than twice as long as 

 the scales, 4-5 mm. long, spreading or reflexed when fully 

 mature, broadly lanceolate, compressed-trigonous, light yellow- 



