252 



Cyperaceae 



ish green, many-nerved, gradually long-beaked, with a deeply 



bifid firm tip, the lobes needlelike, erect; stigmas 3, short. 



Swamps; Hokkaido, Honshu (Shinano and Mutsu Prov.); 

 rare. Siberia, N. America, Europe, and N. Africa. 



191. Carex capricornis Meinsh. C. pseudocyperus var. 

 brachystachya Regel & Maack; C. hrachystachya (Kegel & 



Maack) Akiyama, non Schrank Joro-suge. Culms tufted, 



40-70 cm. long, firm, erect; leaf-blades flat, rather stiff, 4-6 

 mm. wide, the basal sheaths (at least the lower ones) blade- 

 less, partially reddish brown; spikes 4-6, approximate, the 

 terminal staminate, linear, rarely gynecandrous and clavate, 

 1.5-3 cm. long, somewhat inconspicuous, the others pistillate, 

 oblong, 1.5-3 cm. long, 15-18 mm. across, erect-patent, densely 

 many-flowered, subsessile, the lowest one sometimes long- 

 peduncled and pendulous, the lowest bract leaflike, elongate, 

 not sheathing; pistillate scales narrowly oblong, more or less 

 emarginate and long-awned, pale, minutely ciliate at apex; 

 perigynia 4 to 5 times as long as the scales, 6-9 mm. long, 

 spreading, linear-lanceolate, compressed, yellowish green, gla- 

 brous, many-nerved, gradually very long-beaked, deeply bifur- 

 cate at tip, the lobes needlelike, 1.5 mm. long, strongly di- 

 vergent; stigmas 3. ^May-July. Swampy places; Hokkaido, 



Honshu (Kanto Distr.) ; local and rather rare. Korea, Man- 

 churia, and Ussuri. 



192. Carex dickinsii Fr. & Sav. C. coreana Bailey 



Oni-suge, Mikuri-suge. Culms few, 20-50 cm. long; leaf- 

 blades flat, rather firm, light green, 4-8 mm. wide, the basal 

 sheaths pale, with short blades; spikes 3(2-4), the terminal 

 staminate, erect, long-pedunculate, linear, 2-3 cm. long, 

 stramineous-green, the others pistillate, ellipsoidal to nearly 

 globose, densely flowered, 15-20 mm. long, about 15 mm. 

 wide, closely approximate, subsessile, the bracts leaflike, spread- 

 ing to reflexed; pistillate scales broadly ovate, tawny or pale; 

 perigynia much longer than the scales, about 10 mm. long, 

 spreading to divergent, broadly ovoid-conical, strongly in- 

 flated, lustrous, bright green, nerved, abruptly long-beaked, 

 the beak slender, acutely 2-toothed at tip; stigmas 3. -May- 

 July. Shallow water in ditches and edges of ponds; Hok- 

 kaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; rather common. Korea. 



193. Carex oligosperma Michx. C. tsuishi\arensis 

 Koidz. & Ohwi; C. rotundata sensu Miyabe & Kudo, non 

 Wahlenb. Horomui-kugu. Culms 20-50 cm. long, gla- 

 brous; leaf-blades glaucous-green, thick, sulcate above, nearly 

 smooth, about 1.5 mm. wide, the basal sheaths light gray; 

 spikes 2 or 3, distant, erect, the terminal staminate, linear, 

 2-3 cm. long, the lateral pistillate, ovoid-globose to oblong, 

 rather densely flowered, 1-1.5 cm. long; lowest bract leaflike, 

 sheathing; pistillate scales broadly ovate, acute, castaneous, 

 paler and scarious toward margin; perigynia longer than the 

 scales, 5-5.5 mm. long, obliquely spreading, broadly ovoid, 

 slightly turgid, rather coriaceous, grayish green and partially 

 dark brown, glabrous, nerved, abruptly short-beaked, 2-toothed 



at tip; stigmas 3, short. June-Aug. Bogs and swampy 



places in lowlands; Hokkaido, Honshu (Rikuchu and Shinano 

 Prov.) ; rare. s. Kuriles and e. N. America. 



194. Carex vesicaria L. C. vesicaria var. tnonile sensu 

 auct. Japon., non Boecklr.; C. vesicaria var. tenuistachya Kue- 



kenth.; C. vesicata Meinsh. Oni-naruko-suge. Plant 



loosely tufted; culms 30-100 cm. long, scabrous on the angles 

 leaf-blades flat, rather stiff, 3-6 mm. wide, the basal leaf- 

 sheaths bladeless, partially reddish purple, sparingly fibrous 

 upper 2 or 3 spikes staminate, broadly linear, 3-5 cm. long. 

 contiguous, the lower 2 or 3 pistillate, cylindric, 3-7 cm. long. 



7-10 mm. wide, distant, densely flowered, the lower one or 

 more peduncled, erect or often nodding, the bracts Icaflike, 

 sheathless; pistillate scales ovate-lanceolate, acute, sanguineous 

 or light tawny; perigynia longer than the scales, 6-8 mm. long, 

 spreading, ovoid-conical, inflated-trigonous, light yellowish 

 green, sometimes partially dark brown, lustrous, nerved, 

 abruptly rather long-beaked, inflated, bifurcate at tip; stigmas 



3, short. ^May-July. Swamps or marshy places along rivers 



and around ponds; Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu; rather com- 

 mon northward. Widely distributed in the cooler zones of 



the N. Hemisphere. 



195. Carex rhynchophysa C. A. Mey. C. laevirostris 

 Blytt; C. ventricosa Franch., non Curt. 0-kasa-suge. Rhi- 

 zomes thickened, creeping; culms 60-100 cm. long, stout, 

 spongy-thickened at base, nearly glabrous; leaf-blades flat, 

 rather thick, 8-15 mm. wide, the basal sheaths pale, sometimes 

 partially sanguineous; upper 3-7 spikes staminate, linear, 3-6 

 cm. long, contiguous, the lower 2-5 pistillate, distant, long- 

 cylindric, 5-10 cm. long, about 1 cm. across, densely many- 

 flowered, nearly sessile except the lowest one usually long- 

 peduncled and sometimes nodding, the bracts leaflike; pistillate 

 scales oblong-lanceolate, castaneous or ferrugineous, some- 

 times pale, scarious toward the margins especially broadly so 

 above; perigynia longer than the scales, 5-6 mm. long, spread- 

 ing, broadly ovoid, firmly membranous, strongly inflated, 

 stramineous-green, sometimes partially dark brownish, lus- 

 trous, nerved, abruptly long-beaked, bifurcate at tip; stigmas 3. 



June-Aug. Swamps and shallow water around ponds; 



Hokkaido, Honshu (n. and centr. distr.). Korea, Ussuri, 



Sakhalin, Kuriles, Siberia, and N. America. 



196. Carex ligulata Nees. C. \eis\ei Miq.; C. hebecarpa 

 var. ligulata (Nees) Kuekenth.; C. bakanends Lev. & Van't.; 



C. hebecarpa sensu Matsum., non C. A. Mey. Satsuma-suge. 



Rhizomes thick, loosely tufted; culms erect, ciliate-scabrous on 

 the angles, nearly always hidden under the leaf-sheaths, 

 3-angled, 40-70 cm. long; lower leaf-sheaths bladeless, dark 

 sanguineous-purple, the normal leaf-blades on the upper 2/3 of 

 the culm, closely approximate, flat, linear-lanceolate, 4-8 mm. 

 wide, the sheaths sharply 3-angled, sometimes hispid, the 

 ligules conspicuous, ferrugineous, scarious; spikes 5-7, con- 

 tiguous, the terminal staminate, linear, 1-3 cm. long, pale- 

 ferrugineous, the lateral pistillate, cylindric, 15-40 mm. long, 

 erect, densely many-flowered, peduncled, the bracts leaflike, 

 at least the lower ones overtopping the culm, long-sheathing; 

 pistillate scales ovate, obscurely ferrugineous; perigynia longer 

 than the scales, 4-5 mm. long, suberect, broadly obovoid, 

 3-angled, ferrugineous-green, densely whitish tomentose, rather 



long beaked; stigmas 3. Woods; Honshu (s. Kanto Distr. 



and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu; rare. s. Korea (variety), 



Formosa, China, and India. 



197. Carex phyllocephala T. Koyama. C. hebecarpa 



var. maubertiana forma latifolia Makino Tenjiku-suge. 



Culms erect, 37-45 cm. long, obtusely angled, glabrous, about 

 2.5 mm. thick, nearly always hidden under the leaf-sheaths; 

 lower leaf-sheaths bladeless, dark sanguineous purple, the 

 normal leaves densely aggregated on the apical part of the 

 culm, the blades spreading, 10-20 cm. long, 8-13 mm. wide, 

 the sheaths loosely surrounding the culm, hispidulous on the 

 angles, the ligules glabrous, ferrugineous, about 2 mm. long; 

 spikes 8-10, forming a capitate inflorescence, the terminal 

 staminate, linear, to 2 cm. long, tawny, the others pistillate, 

 cylindric, 25-30 mm. long, 3-3.5 mm. thick, densely many- 

 flowered; pistillate scales rather small, ovate-elliptic, cuspidate. 



