Cyperaceae; Palmae 



253 



membranous, ferrugineous and flecked with dark brown, hya- 

 line toward the margins; perigynia much longer than the 

 scales, 2.8-3 mm. long, obliquely spreading, ellipsoidal or 

 ovoid-ellipsoidal, obtusely 3-angled, thick-membranous, fer- 

 rugineous, almost nerveless; costal nerves 2, densely whitish 

 setulose, abruptly rather long-beaked, minutely 2-toothed; 



stigmas 3. Culdvated in Honshu (Mikawa Prov.), Kyushu 



(Chikugo Prov.) ; rare. China. 



198. Carex poculisquama Kuekenth. Akane-suge. 

 Rhizomes thickened, short; culms few, loosely tufted, slen- 

 der, sharply 3-angled, firm, scabrous, 40-50 cm. long, nearly 

 always hidden under the leaf-sheaths; lower leaf-sheaths scale- 

 like, reddish brown, the normal leaf-blades all cauline, stiff, 

 2.5-3.5 mm. wide, with slightly recurved margins, somewhat 

 cinereous-green, the sheaths long, flecked with purplish brown, 

 scarious in front, scabrous on die angles; spikes about 4, ap- 

 proximate, or only the lowest one remote from the others, the 

 terminal staminate, narrowly linear, almost equaling the 

 adjacent one in length, about 1.5 cm. long, 1 mm. thick, 

 brownish, the bracts leaflike, overtopping the inflorescence, 

 sheathing; staminate scales infundibuliform, connate ventrally; 

 pistillate spikes cylindric, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, rather loosely 

 flowered, peduncled, erect; pistillate scales ovate-deltoid, pale 

 to partially ferrugineous, clasping the axis of the spike at 

 base, the midrib broad, green, ending in a short recurved awn; 

 perigynia longer than the scales, about 4 mm. long, rhomboid- 

 elhpsoid, acutely 3-angled, faintly nerved, light green, sparsely 

 pubescent, abruptly narrowed at both ends, the beak short, 

 erect, 2-toothed; stigmas 3, short, slightly thickened, recurved. 



May-June. Limestone mountains; Honshu (Mount Iwa- 



fune in Shimotsuke and Akiyoshidai in Nagato) ; very rare. 

 China. 



199. Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh. var. occultans (Franch.) 

 Kuekenth. C. filiformis var. occultans Franch.; C. occultans 

 (Franch.) V. Krecz.; C. striata var. japonica Koidz.; C. \oid- 



zumii Honda Mujina-suge. Rhizomes rather stout and 



elongate; culms 70-100 cm. long, slender, somewhat firm; 

 leaves with narrow stiff blades, canaliculate above, 1.5-3 mm. 

 wide, involute or flat, the basal sheaths bladeless, dark 

 sanguineous-purple; upper 1-4 spikes staminate, contiguous, 

 reddish purple, 2-5 cm. long, linear, erect, the lower 1 or 2 

 pistillate, oblong to short-cylindric, densely flowered, 2-4 cm. 

 long, the lowest short-peduncled, the bracts setaceous, with or 

 without a short sheath; pistillate scales narrowly ovate, 

 brownish or reddish brown; perigynia nearly as long as or 

 slightly longer than the scales, ovoid, 4-5 mm. long, coriaceous, 

 brown-hairy to nearly glabrous, gradually short-beaked, deeply 



bifurcate at tip, the lobes erect; stigmas 3. June-Aug. 



High moors; Hokkaido, Honshu (Kozuke, Kaga, Rikuchu 



Prov.); rather rare. Sakhalin, s. Kuriles, n. Korea, and e. 



Siberia. The typical phase occurs in the cooler zones of 

 Eurasia and N. America. 



200. Carex drymophila Turcz. var. abbreviata (Kue- 

 kenth.) Ohwi. C. akancnsis Franch.; C. drymophila sensu 

 auct. Japon., non Turcz.; C. drymophila var. akanensis 

 (Franch.) Kuekenth.; C. amurensis Kuekenth., incl. var. ab- 

 breviata Kuekenth. Akan-kasa-suge. Culms 60-80 cm. 



long; leaf-blades flat, somewhat soft, often somewhat hairy, 4-6 

 mm. wide, the basal sheaths bladeless, dark reddish and purplish 

 brown, splitting into fibers; upper 2 or 3 spikes staminate, linear, 

 1-3 cm. long, the lower 3 or 4 pistillate, cylindric, 2-5 cm. long, 

 rather loosely flowered, the lower one or more short-pedunclcd, 

 the lower bracts leaflike, sheathing, the ligules in front and the 

 upper part of the sheaths at least somewhat hairy; pistillate scales 

 narrowly ovate, short-awned, sometimes reddish; perigynia 

 longer than the scales, 4-5 mm. long, spreading, broadly ovoid- 

 conical, inflated, rather membranous, brownish green, nerved, 

 abrupdy rather long-beaked, reddish bifurcate at tip; stigmas 3. 



July. Wet meadows and wet places in woods; Hokkaido; 



rare. Sakhalin, e. Siberia, n. Korea, and Manchuria. The 



typical phase occurs in Korea, Manchuria, and e. Siberia. 



201. Carex miyabei Franch. C. saruensis Franch.; C. 

 wallichiana var. miyabei (Franch.) Kuekenth.; C. jedia var. 



miyabei (Franch.) T. Koyama Birodo-suge. Rhizomes 



elongate, rather stout; culms 30-60 cm. long; leaf-blades flat, 

 3-5 mm. wide, glabrous, the basal sheaths bladeless, somewhat 

 reddish brown, splitting into fibers; upper 2-4 spikes stami- 

 nate, linear, 15-30 mm. long, reddish brown, the lower 2 or 3 

 pistillate, short-cylindric, 2-4 cm. long, tlie lower one or more 

 peduncled, the lower bracts leaflike, sheathless; pistillate 

 scales narrowly ovate, acute, sanguineous; perigynia longer 

 than the scales, 3—4 mm. long, ascending, obtusely 3-angled, 

 broadly obovoid, membranous, hispid, abruptly rather long- 

 beaked, acutely 2-toothed; stigmas 3. May-June. Sandy or 



wet clay soil along rivers and streams; Hokkaido, Honshu 

 (Kinki Distr. and east\v.), Kyushu. 



202. Carex latisquamea Komar. C villosa Boott, non 

 Stokes; C. villosa Boott var. tvrightii Fr. & Sav.; C. villosa 

 var. latisquamea (Komar.) Kuekenth.; C. villosa Boott var. 



straminea Akiyama Hataee-suge. Rhizomes short; culms 



1 or few together, slender, 40-75 cm. long, pilose; leaf-blades 

 flat, thinly pilose, 3-6 mm. wide, the basal sheaths bladeless, 

 light brown, pilose; spikes 3 or 4, the terminal staminate, lin- 

 ear, 15-25 mm. long, the lateral pistillate, oblong, 1-2 cm. 

 long, distant, rather densely flowered, the lowest long-pedun- 

 cled, the lowest bract leaflike, somewhat long-sheathing; 

 pistillate scales ovate, acute, tawny; perigynia much longer 

 than the scales, 5-6 mm. long, spreading, ovoid, obtusely 3- 

 angled, firmly membranous, brownish, glabrous, nerved, mod- 

 erately long-beaked, bidentate at tip; sdgmas 3. June-July. 



Hokkaido, Honshu (Shinano Prov.), Kyushu (Mount Kuju 



and Kojomura in Higo) ; rare. Korea, Manchuria, and Us- 



suri. 



Fam. 43. PALMAE Shuro Ka Palm Family 



.\rborescent plants with woody stems, or rarely acaulescent; stem or trunk simple, rarely branched, naked or covered with 

 the persistent basal part of old leaves, occasionally very spiny, rarely clambering; leaves alternate, pinnately or palmately di- 

 vided, plicate in bud, the petiole usually expanding into a broad sheath and surrounding the stem at base; flowers unisexual or 

 bisexual, small, usually densely aggregated in a bracteate, paniculate or spicate inflorescence; bracts 3; perianth-segments 6, in 

 2 series, usually free, imbricate or valvate in bud; stamens 3 or 6, with versatile anthers; ovary of 3 free or connate carpels each 



terminated by a stigma; ovules I or 2 in each carpel, anatropous; fruit a drupe or berry, soft or bony; embryo small. About 



150 genera with about 1,500 species, chiefly of tropical regions. 



