254 Palmae 



lA. Leaves pinnate, with a well-developed rachis; carpels connate, forming a single berry not subtended by a scale 1. Arenga 



IB. Leaves palmate, without a well-developed rachis; carpels free, each becoming an independent berry. 



2A. Petioles stout, prominently spiny on margin; rachis of leaf-blades very short; ovary of 3 carpels, connate below; styles connate or dis- 

 tinct 2. Livistona 



2B. Petioles slenderer, with small teeth on margin toward the base; rachis not developed; ovary of 3 carpels, distinct or connate below; 

 styles distinct 3. Trachycarpus 



1. ARENGA Labill. Kuro-tsugu Zoku 



Caulescent or acaulescent; leaves pinnate, the pinnae many, elongate, irregularly toothed or incised near tip, 1-ribbed, with 1 

 or 2 auricles at base; inflorescence much branched, on a peduncle surrounded at base with numerous bracts; flowers usually 

 unisexual; stamens many; pistillate flowers globose; sepals accrescent after flowering; ovary 3-locular, with a conical stigma; fruit 

 ovoid-globose; seeds compressed or planoconvex. More than 10 species, in the Tropics of Asia and Australia. 



1, Arenga engleri Becc. Didymosperma engleri (Becc.) upper leaflets gradually smaller, ascending, the terminal one 



Warb.; A. saccharijera Miq. sensu auct. Japon., non Labill.; broader, rounded or obtuse at apex; leaf-sheaths disintegrated 



A. tremula sensu auct. Japon., non Becc. ^Kuro-tsugu. into black fibers; inflorescence unisexual; staminate flowers 



Acaulescent or with a pseudostem consisting of the compact with a small calyx; petals oblong, yellowish, 1.5-2 cm. long; 



petioles; leaves radical, large, suberect, firm, with numerous stamens numerous, the anthers slender; pistillate flowers with 



leaflets to 60 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, plicate and gradually nar- deltoid petals; fruit globose, 1.5 cm. across. Kyushu (Yaku- 



rowed at base, obmse, deeply dentate at apex, deep green shima) ; possibly not indigenous. Ryukyus and Formosa. 



above, light grayish, with an elevated midrib beneath, the 



2. LIVISTONA R. Br. Biro Zoku 



Trunk tall, marked with ringlike scars; leaves large, palmate, conduplicate in bud, parted or divided into many linear seg- 

 ments, the petiole long, spiny on margin; inflorescence from leaf-axils, long-peduncled, loosely paniculate, the bracts many, 

 tubular, sheathing; flowers small, bisexual; sepals 3, imbricate in bud; petals 3, connate at base, dae lobes valvate in bud, coria- 

 ceous; stamens 6, the filaments connate at base into a ring, the anthers cordate; ovary of 3, nearly free to connate carpels with 



a short common style at apex; seeds erect with a concave spot on ventral side. ^More than 10 species, in tropical Asia and 



Australia. 



1. Livistona chinensis R. Br. var. subglobosa (Hassk.) stout, retrorsely spiny on margins; inflorescence elongate, 



Becc. L. subglobosa Martins; Saribus subglobosus Hassk.; loosely branching; flowers ovoid in bud, about 4 mm. long; 



Corypha japonica Kittlitz Biro. Trunk straight, to 5 sepals broadly ovate; petals ovate, woody, subacute; stamens 



m. high, stout, simple; leaves large, orbicular-flabellate, pal- 6; carpels 3, approximate and terminated by a single common 



mately parted, to 1 m. across, the axis extremely short, the seg- style; ovule 1 in each locule; fruit nearly globose, about 1.5 



ments linear, plicate, l-ribbed, transversely veined, gradually cm. long. Rather rare in warmer coastal areas; Shikoku, 



tapering to a bifid pendulous apex, the petiole 1-2 m. long, Kyushu. Ryukyus and Formosa. 



3. TRACHYCARPUS H. Wendl. Shuro Zoku 



Trunk straight and erect, treelike; leaves orbicular, flabellate, large, palmately parted into linear plicate segments, the petiole 

 spineless; panicles from leaf-axils, much branched, with numerous multibracteate flowers, bractlets small; flowers unisexual 

 (plant dioecious), with 3 sepals and 3 petals; stamens 6, with short basifixed anthers; carpels 3, free, each with a single stigma 

 and a single basal ovule; fruiting carpels 1-3, globose to ellipsoidal; seeds erect, furrowed on the ventral side, with an embryo 

 on the dorsal side. Few species, in northern India, China, and Japan. 



lA. Leaf-segments pendulous at tip; petioles rather long, spreading; inflorescence densely flowered 1. T. fortunei 



IB. Leaf-segments stiff, not pendulous; petioles shorter; inflorescence very densely flowered 2. T. wagnerianus 



1. Trachycarpus fortunei (Hook.) H. Wendl. T. ex- deflexed, subtended by large bracts; flowers small, yellowish; 



celsus H. Wendl., excl. syn.; Chamaerops fortunei Hook. fruiting carpels 1-3, globose, about 1 cm. across, black-indigo, 



Shuro, Wa-juro. An evergreen tree with a straight thick bloomy when mature. May-June. Kyushu (s. distr.); 



simple trunk, 3-7 m. long, covered with dark brown fibrous widely planted in centr. and s. Japan. 



remains of the petiole bases; leaves aggregated at the top of 2. Trachycarpus wagnerianus Becc. T. jortunei sensu 



the stem, large, 50-80 cm. across, orbicular-flabellate, the seg- auct. Japon., non H. Wendl. T6-juro. Resembles the 



ments linear, plicate, somewhat obtuse and bifid at apex, 1.5-3 preceding but leaves on shorter petioles, the segments stiff, 



cm. wide, the petioles nearly 1 m. long, tapering to a broad darker colored, slighdy smaller; inflorescence very densely 



sheath surrounding the stem at base; inflorescence peduncled, flowered. Native of China, planted in s. Japan. 



