Araceae 255 



Fam. 44. ARACEAE Tennan-sho Ka Aroid Family 

 (Contributed by Dr. Tetsuo Koyama.) 



Perennial herbs; leaves radical or alternate on elongate, often twining stems, frequently with transversely reticulate nervules; 

 flowers unisexual or bisexual, sessile, densely aggregated in a spadix subtended by a spathe; perianth wanting or small and scaly; 



anthers 2- or 3-locular; ovary sessile, 1- to 3-locular, with 1 to several ovules; fruit berrylike, few-seeded. About 100 genera, 



with more than 500 species, mainly in the Tropics. 



lA. Perianth absent; flowers unisexual, except in Calla. 

 2A. Spadix with an appendage at apex. 



3.\. Ovules anatropous; pistillate part of spadix continuous with the staminate; inflorescence and normal leaves appearing at different 



times 1 . Amorphophalliis 



3B. Ovules orthotropous; pistillate and staminate parts of spadix distinct; inflorescence on the peduncle arising from the axil of a 

 normal leaf, arising together. 

 4A. Neuter flowers absent between the pistillate and staminate parts. 



5A. Ovary with a single ovule; pistillate part of spadbc adnate to the inner side of the spathe 2. Pincllia 



5B. Ovary always with 2 or more ovules in each locule; spadix not adnate to the spathe 3. Arisaema 



4B. Neuter flowers present between the pistillate and staminate parts 4. Typhonium 



2B. Spadbc not appendaged at apex. 



6A. Stamens connate 5. Alocasia 



6B. Stamens free 6. Calla 



IB. Perianth of 4 to 8 free tepals; flowers bisexual. 

 7A. Leaves broad; spathe broad, surrounding or Inclosing the spadix, not leaflike, usually colored or white. 



8A. Ovules orthotropous; ovary 2-celled and 1- or 2-ovuled in each cell 7. Lysichhon 



8B. Ovules pendulous; ovary 1 (-2) -celled, with 1 or 2 ovules in each cell 8. Symplocarptis 



73. Leaves linear; spadix leaflike, green, narrow, appearing like a continuation of the stem, neither surrounding nor covering the 

 spadix 9. Acorns 



1. AMORPHOPHALLUS Bl. Konnyaku Zoku 



Tuber usually depressed-globose; leaf solitary, radical, large, long-petioled, ternately to digitately compound; scape usually 

 elongate; spathe large, ovate to broadly so, the blade deciduous or persistent; inflorescence (spadix) erect, terete, densely 

 flowered, the pistillate part continuous with the staminate, without a neutral intermediate area; anthers 2 to 4, sessile, opening 

 by pores at tip; ovary globose, 1- to 4-locular; stigma entire or 2- to 4-fid; ovule single in each locule, arising nearly from the base, 



anatropous; berry globose; seeds without endosperm, embryo similar to seed in shape. About 100 species in the Old World 



Tropics. 



I A. Appendage of spadix 30-50 cm. long including the inflorescence, much longer than the spathe, 20-30 cm. long; style about 1 mm. 



long including the inconspicuously 3-lobed stigma; larger in all aspects than the following \. A. kpnjac 



IB. Appendage of spadix 15-20 cm. long including the inflorescence, about as long as the spathe; style extremely short, terminated by an 



inconspicuously 2-lobed stigma; smaller in all aspects than the preceding 2. A. kitisianus 



1. Amoqjhophallus konjac K. Koch. Conophalus \on- long-exserted from the spathe, dark purple, obtuse; berries 



]ac Schott ex Miq., nom. nud.; Dracontium polyphyllum sensu yellowish red when mature. May. Native of Indochina, 



Thunb., non L.; A. rivieri var. I{pnjac (K. Koch) Engler widely cultivated in our area for "Konnyaku" or mannan from 



Konnyaku. Tuber large, depressed-globose, to 25 cm. the tubers. 



across; leaf solitary, arising from the center of the tuber, more 2. Amorphophallus kiusianus (Makino) Makino. A. 



than I m. tall, the petiole long, spotted with purple, die blade \onjac var. kiusianus Makino Yama-konnyaku. Related 



ternate, the primary leaflets again binate or ternate or 2- or 3- to the preceding, but slightly smaller; petioles with yellowish 



parted, the ulrimate leaflets or segments pinnately parted on a brown spots, the leaf-blades ternate, the leaflets dichotomously 



winged axis, the lobes ovate to narrowly so, caudate-acuminate, forked and pinnately lobed, the ultimate lobes oblong, caudate- 



4-8 cm. long, entire, glabrous; scape arising from the center of acuminate, 3-20 cm. long; spathe 15-20 cm. long, glabrous, 



the tuber, about 1 m. long, with several scales at base; inflores- the tubular part short; spadix erect, terminated by an obtuse 



cence 30-50 cm. long; spathe broadly ovate, tubular-infundi- terete appendage; ovary usually 2-locular; style very short, the 



buliform, with dark purple variegations, glabrous outside, stigma indisdnctly 2-lobcd; berry at first greenish, becoming 



with small protuberances at base inside; spadix widi die pistil- reddish purple, then deep blue at maturity. May-June. 



late flowers below and continuous with die upper staminate Kyushu (s. distr., including Yakushima and Tanegashima) ; 



flowers, the appendage erect, much longer than the fertile part, the tuber not edible. 



2. PINELLIA Tenore Range Zoku 



Perennials widi small subterranean tubers; leaves petioled, simple or 3- to 7-lobed or -parted; scape solitary; spathe persistent, 

 the tubular part incurved, cylindric, the blade longer than the tubular part, oblong, concave; spadix surrounded by the tubular 



