Eriocaulaceae 



267 



densely many-flowered; involucral bracts about 1.5 mm. long, 

 obtuse-tipped, slightly shorter than the disc flowers; floral 

 bracts obovate -oblong, 1.5-2 mm. long, rather acute; staminate 

 flowers about 2 mm. long, with spathiform calyx and tubular 

 3-lobed corolla; pistillate flowers without petals, the sepals 2, 

 free, linear, blackish above the middle, pilose, the stigmas 3. 



Wet lowlands; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea, 



Ryukyus, Formosa, China, Philippines, Malaysia, Indochina, 

 India, and Africa. The typical phase is Australian. 



4. Eriocaulon zyotanii Satake. Izu-no-shima-hoshi- 

 KUSA. Stemless; leaves linear, flat, gradually narrowed to- 

 ward apex, 2.5-5 cm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide, 5-nerved; 

 peduncles 7-9 cm. tall, 4-ribbed; heads turbinate, 3-4 mm. 

 across, light yellow, more than 10-flowered; involucral bracts 

 several (5 or 6), lanceolate, acute, 4-6 mm. long, greenish, 

 3-nerved, exceeding the disc flowers; floral bracts obovate- 

 oblong, sparsely puberulous on the upper margin, slightly 

 shorter than the flowers; flowers wholly trimerous; staminate 

 flowers to 2 mm. long, the sepals oblong, obtuse-tipped, con- 

 nate below, sparsely ciliolate on the upper margin, the corolla 

 tubular, trilobate at apex; pistillate flowers shordy pedicellate, 

 2 mm. long, the sepals oblong, acutish, whitish, nearly gla- 

 brous, the petals 3, free, oblong, pilose inside, the stigmas 3. 

 Honshu (only in Kodzu-shima, Izu Prov.). 



5. Eriocaulon cauliferum Makino. Takano-hoshi- 

 KUSA. Annual; stems erect, elongate, stout, terete, soft, 

 4-20 cm. long, 3.5-5 mm. thick, densely many-leaved; leaves 

 subulate-linear, 1-nerved, 3-9 cm. long, 0.3 mm. wide; 

 peduncles arising from the apex of the stem, 8-20 cm. long, 

 slender, 6-ribbed; heads depressed-globose, 2-3 mm. long, 3-4 

 mm. across, bluish black, loosely puberulous; involucral bracts 

 7-9, hyaline, ovate or orbicular, 1 mm. long, blackish; re- 

 ceptacle glabrous; flowers many, trimerous; floral bracts obo- 

 vate-cuneate, acuminate, nearly as long as the flowers; stami- 

 nate flowers 1.5 mm. long, with a spathelike calyx deeply 

 trilobate above and a tubular corolla; pistillate flowers I mm. 

 long, pedicellate, tiie sepals 3, free, ovate-elliptic, rounded at 

 apex, the petals 3, free, linear-oblanceolate, sparsely ciliate, the 



stigmas 3, longer than the style. Honshu (only in Tatara- 



numa, Kozuke Prov.) ; very rare. 



6. Eriocaulon parvum Koern. Kuro-hoshi-kusa. 

 Stemless or nearly so; leaves tufted, narrowly linear, long- 

 attenuate above to a filiform point, 3- to 5-nerved, 4-10 cm. 

 long, 1-3 mm. wide; peduncles slender, 10-20 cm. long, 5- or 

 6-ribbed; heads globose, 4-5 mm. in diameter, dark gray, 

 white-puberulous; involucral bracts shorter than the disc 

 flowers, broadly ovate, acute, 1-6 mm. long, to 1 mm. wide; 

 receptacle pilose; floral bracts obovate-cuneate, acute, 2 mm. 

 long, white-bearded along upper margin and on the dorsal 

 side above; flowers trimerous, 1.5-1.8 mm. long; staminate 

 flowers with a spathelike calyx shallowly trilobate at apex; 

 pistillate flowers with 3 free oblong-ovate acute sepals and 3 



free linear-oblong petals, the stigmas 3. Honshu (Kanto, 



Etchu, and wesrw.), Shikoku, Kyushu; occasional. s. Korea. 



7. Eriocaulon senile Honda. Gomashio-hoshi-kusa. 

 Acaulescent annual; leaves many, tufted, broadly linear, 

 gradually narroN\ed to an obtuse tip, flat, 5-7 mm. wide, 9- to 

 13-nerved; peduncles many, 10-25 cm. long, 6-ribbed; heads 

 globose to depressed-globose, 4-5 mm. long, 5-6 mm. across, 

 blackish, loosely white-pilose; involucral bracts about 9, 

 obovate-cuneate, obtuse or rounded, 2 mm. long, shorter than 

 the disc flowers; flowers numerous, trimerous; floral bracts 



obovate-oblong, obtuse, blackish, puberulent with 2-celled hairs 

 along the upper margin and on the back; receptacle glabrous; 

 staminate flowers 2 mm. long, with a spathelike trilobate calyx 

 white-bearded at apex; pistillate flowers about 2 mm. long, 

 the sepals 3, free, oblong, olive-black, acute, puberulent on 

 the upper margin and on the back, the petals 3, free, lanceo- 

 late, pilose, with a black gland inside above, the stigmas 3, 



shorter than the style. Wet lowlands; Honshu (Tokaido 



Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu; relatively rare. 



8. Eriocaulon heleocharoides Satake. Koshigaya-ho- 

 shi-kusa. Caudex erect, obovoid, 1-1.5 cm. long, 7-10 mm. 

 thick; leaves tufted, linear, long-attenuate, 7-15 cm. long, 3-4 

 mm. wide; peduncles numerous, 12-28 cm. long, very shal- 

 lowly 9- or 10-grooved; heads obovoid-conical, 6-7 mm. long, 

 5 mm. across, nearly glabrous; involucral bracts about 14, 

 broadly obovate, 2 mm. long and as wide, rather obtuse, 

 shorter than the disc flowers; receptacle glabrous with 

 numerous flowers; floral bracts acute, oblanceolate, nearly as 

 long as the flower, puberulent with unicellular hairs along the 

 upper margin; staminate flowers 2 mm. long with a spathelike 

 minutely trilobed and glabrous calyx; pistillate flowers 2 mm. 

 long, the calyx spathehke, glabrous, minutely 3-lobed, the 

 petals 3, free, oblanceolate, pilose inside, the stigmas 3, slightly 



longer than the style. Honshu (wet sandy banks of the 



Motoara River, Musashi Prov.) ; very local. 



9. Eriocaulon takae Koidz. Azuma-hoshi-kusa. 

 Tufted acaulescent annual; leaves several, linear, 1-4.5 cm. 

 long, 0.5-1.5 mm. wide, prominently acuminate, 3-nerved; 

 peduncles 1-3, tufted, filiform, 8-15 cm. long, 4-ribbed; 

 heads turbinate, about 3 mm. in diameter; involucral bracts 

 3-5, lanceolate-oblong, rather obtuse, minutely toothed on the 

 upper margin, slightly longer than the disc flowers; re- 

 ceptacle glabrous; floral bracts ovate-oblong, acute, glabrous; 

 flowers few, 2 mm. long; staminate flowers with a spathelike, 

 glabrous calyx minutely toothed along the upper margin; 

 pistillate flovi'ers with spathelike indistinctly toodied calyx 

 sparsely ciliate on the upper margin, the petals 3, free, lanceo- 

 late, with a black gland inside extending upward, the stigmas 

 3, longer than the style. Honshu (Iwashiro Prov.). 



10. Eriocaulon omuranum T. Koyama. Shinano-inu- 

 NO-HiGE. Slender acaulescent annual; leaves slenderly linear, 

 few, 5-12 cm. long, to 1 mm. wide, long-acuminate, 4-nerved; 

 peduncles 1-4, 10-15 cm. long, 4-ribbed; heads turbinate, 4.5- 

 5.5 mm. long, 4-6 mm. across, the receptacle glabrous; in- 

 volucral bracts 5 or 6, lanceolate, 2.5-6 inm. long, gradually 

 acuminate, much exceeding the disc flowers; flowers 9-17 to 

 a head; floral bracts lanceolate, hyaline, short-acute, slightiy 

 shorter than the flower; staminate flowers with a spathelike 

 rounded to shallowly emarginate calyx; pistillate flowers 3.7 

 mm. long, the sepals connate into a hyaline oval quite gla- 

 brous spathe, minutely 3-toothed at apex, the petals 3, free, 

 narrowly ovate, stipitate, glabrous, with a small gland inside 



extending upward, the stigmas 3, shorter than the style. 



Honshu (Lake Shirakaba, Shinano Prov.). 



11. Eriocaulon japonicum Koern. Yamato-hoshi-kusa. 

 Acaulescent annual; leaves tufted, linear, 6-12 cm. long, 2-3 

 mm. wide, gradually narrowed to an acute apex, 5- to 

 7-nerved; peduncles numerous, 12-16 cm. long, 4-ribbed; heads 

 hemisphaerical, 3-4 mm. long, 5-6 mm. in diameter, wholly 

 glabrous; involucral bracts about 20, 4-5 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. 

 wide, the outer lanceolate, rather obtuse, the inner small and 

 acute, slightiy longer dian the disc flowers; receptacle gla- 



